AFT President's Office: Albert Shanker Records

Collection

Identifier: LR001553_Shanker

Staff Only

Scope and Content

Important Subjects Covered In This Collection: Academic Freedom Affirmative Action AFL-CIO AFSCME At-Risk Youth Bilingual Education Charter Schools Child Care Civil Rights Collective Bargaining Community Control Curriculum Czechoslovakia Day Care Desegregation Discrimination Early Childhood Education Education Reform Education Standards Employment Health Care Reform Higher Education Human Rights IFFTU Immigration International Education International Free Trade Unions Labor Unions Math Education Merit Pay National Education Association New York City New York Financial Crisis, 1975 Poland Revolutionary Movement Private Schools Professional Employees Public Employees Public School Choice School Restructuring School Violence Science Education South Africa Soviet Union Strikes Student Testing Teacher Duties Teacher Education Teacher Salaries Technology Tenure Totalitarism Tuition Tax Credits United Federation of Teachers Urban Schools US City Finances US Economy Vocational Education Vouchers Women Workers

Important Correspondence Covered In This Collection: Lamar Alexander; Terrel Bell; William Bennet; Ernest Boyer; Irving Brown; Joseph A. Califano, Jr.; Cesar Chavez; Leo Cherne; William Clinton; Thomas Donahue; Peter Drucker; Chester Finn; Jim Harris; Linda Darling Hammond; Norma Hill; Bill Honig; James Hunt; John E. Jacob; Vernon E. Jordan; Edward Kennedy; Lane Kirkland; Ed Koch; Marsha Levine; Gerald W. McEntee; Patrick J. O’Farrell; Paul O’Neil; Diane Ravitch; Ronald Reagan; James D. Robinson, III; Bayard Rustin; John Ryor; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.; John Sibler; Theodore R. Sizer; Jerry Wurf

Series Description: Series I AFT Office, 1967-1996, Boxes 1-13 AFT Organization Files consist of materials pertaining to the daily operation of the American Federation of Teachers, whether with organizing drives, collective bargaining, education reform or the basic make up of the AFT as an organization. Materials range from staff to vice presidents of the AFT, local leadership participating in task forces and special committees created by the AFT.

Subseries A: Administration Files, Boxes 1-6 Correspondence with staff, departments, national reps, and staff unions of the AFT are the various sections within this subseries. Materials range from memos, correspondence, reports on meetings, and philosophy of education, latest strikes or collective bargaining campaigns, legal battles as well as internal matters of the AFT. Departments files are similar to staff files but are more concentrated on reports that make up the departments within the AFT hierarchy. National Reps are the organizers of the AFT. These files can be a simple letter of assignments and duties or complete reports from the field about organizing and collective bargaining. There are two staff unions at the AFT, OPIEU local 2 and AFT Staff Union, which was a result of a merger between the in-house unions Committee for National Representatives and the Professional Union at Staff Headquarters. These files contain memos, grievances, and contracts negotiations.

Subseries B: Executive Files, 1967-1995 This series consists of mostly correspondence to the leadership of the AFT. There are minutes, reports, newspaper articles and surveys. There is also a mass of resolutions and policy information of the AFT. There are the agendas and notes taken during the meetings by either Shanker or by his assistant Eve Sacks. There is budget information, ballots, investigations of locals, the Selden vs. Shanker fight in the early 1970s executive council files, reports on education reform in K- 12 and higher education. Shanker to leadership is weekly or monthly articles that were sent by the AFT to officers in the AFT, articles range from education, labor, international or political issues.

Subseries C: Meetings, 1975-2000 Meetings contain various meetings, committees and task forces of the AFT. Conventions hold materials that consist of the daily operations of the convention; correspondence with invited guest, roll calls, committee member lists proposed resolutions and constitutional changes. Occasionally there are speeches from guests and opening remarks by Shanker. QuEST contains reports, speeches and mostly correspondence to those invited. Meetings are caucus correspondence, AFT standing committees, task forces and program and policy council materials. A majority of these files contain correspondence to members of these committees and list of those serving; some contain reports, policy, resolutions, constitutional change requests and minutes of the meetings.

Futures II report, published in 2000, was placed in this collection on the discretion of the AFT archivist. Albert Shanker, as well as the executive council, realized that for the AFT to survive, drastic changes were needed. A reorganizing of the AFT was put into place in 1992. The AFT archivist felt that in order for the researcher to understand the internal workings of the AFT and to fulfill Shanker’s goal of realigning the AFT, the report was added.

Subseries D: Miscellaneous, 1975-1996 Various reports, surveys, correspondence that did not fit anywhere else. The subseries only consists of six files

Series II. AFT Affiliates, 1968-1997, Boxes 13-29 AFT Affiliates contains correspondence, reports, memos, notes, court proceedings, organizing and collective bargaining information from or to the AFT. Subseries A: Locals, 1968-1997 File numbers are the local numbers. Series contains general communications to the AFT office of the president or cc to the office of the president, which include: reports, surveys, visit confirmation of Albert Shanker, general activities, strike information and updates, mergers, education reform initiatives, press releases and court cases. There are also communications from rank and file members about grievances, wrongdoings in the local or needed support in collective bargaining elections, defense cases or election problems. A majority of the communication with New York locals in the 2000 range deal with the Education Association pull out of NYSUT in the mid 1970s which is usually a simple letter stating that the local is pulling out of the AFT. UFT files are rich with materials pertaining New York City’s education reform and politics. The Panama Canal Zone files deal mainly with the issues of bargaining with the federal government and the relinquishment of the Canal Zone to Panama. Public Employees Federation, Local 4053 is a unique local in New York that is an affiliation of the AFT and the SEIU. A majority of the files pertain to a court case about dues to the AFT.

Subseries B: State Federations/Councils, 1974-1996 State federation and council are alphabetical and are not filed by local number; they are listed as folder number. The councils are those groups of locals that formed a council to speak as one; they are usually higher education locals. This series contain information about how state federations or councils keep peace with the larger and smaller locals in their respected states, battles with the state NEA, mergers, legislative and court issues, organizing and financial assistance from AFT.

Series III. AFL-CIO, 1973-1997, Boxes 29-36 Series III contains information about the relationship with the AFL-CIO and the AFT during the tenure of Albert Shanker. The series contains correspondence, reports, surveys, jurisdiction disputes, and communications with unions that are members of the AFL-CIO. Those unions that left the AFL-CIO and returned are a part of this series. Subseries A: Article XX cases, 1975-1994 Article XX document affiliation and jurisdiction disputes with other AFL-CIO union, usually with AFSCME, SEIU and Teamsters. There is a lot of information about the Public Employee Federation including court transcripts. The dispute with AFSA is about duties in restructuring of schools.

Subseries B: Departments, Committees and Organizations, 1973-1996 Department, committee and organizations files are regular general correspondence, occasionally there are reports, polls, articles and internal operations of these departments and committees, activity reports, minutes of meetings, press releases, studies on various public and professional employees attitudes toward unions. Albert Shanker was very active with the Department for Professional Employees, Public Employees Department, International Department and various organizations dealing with international matters sponsored by the AFL-CIO. There is also a section dealing with communications with AFL-CIO state and local councils. There are very few materials on the internal operations of the AFL-CIO and re-affiliations with the Teamsters and UAW.

Subseries C: Member Unions of AFL-CIO, 1974-1997 This subseries contains correspondence, newsletters, articles and reports from unions that are members of the AFL-CIO. Usual recurrence is correspondence from the AFT to unions about cooperating with the NEA and not the AFT or information about anti-AFL-CIO used by the NEA. There are numerous form letters about strikes and support on boycotts. Some good details about the PATCO strike. AFSCME files are full of information about disputes and posturing by AFSCME against the AFT.

Series IV. Chronological Files From Albert Shanker/Correspondence Logs, 1978-1992, Boxes 36-40 Chronological files from Albert Shanker are letters that went out. Researchers will need to refer not only to this series but other series for correspondence that came in. Correspondence logs are bound books that contain information about every piece of mail that came into the office with subject information. Occasionally there is information on action taken.

Series V. College and Universities, 1972-1997, Boxes 41-44 This series contains correspondence relating to education policy from professors, administrators and students, appearances by Shanker to speak or participate in lectures (sometimes with follow up by the local press), and work on various boards. Other materials are reports and research papers. Harvard materials include the time Shanker taught a class in the late 1980s. There are also files on Canadian Universities.

Series VI. Federal Government, 1968-1997, Boxes 45-51 Series is correspondence, notes, memos, and copies of bills relating to the U.S. federal government and issues that the AFT is involved with. Subseries A: House and Senate Bills, 1973-1987 HR and S are files to specific bills at the House of Representative and Senate. Usually there is the AFT letter asking for support of a bill or to defeat it. Also there is correspondence responding to the request.

Subseries B: Departments and Branches, 1968-1997 General correspondence to and from various government agencies. Papers range from invitations to appear, policy stance on education and labor reform. There is extensive information on Goals 2000, and creation of the Department of Education. Presidential candidates files contain information on AFT policy for presidential nominees, decisions on supporting certain nominees as well as support in presidential races. Congressional correspondence contains letters from members of the Congress and Senate that are thank-yous, invitations or short notes about legislation.

White House Competitiveness Policy Council files contain meeting minutes from the council itself, with correspondence and draft reports and the final report. Complete transcripts of the subcommittee on education that Shanker chaired is with these files. The CPC subcommittee covered a wide array of education reform issues but centered on the issues of national standard assessments, accountability and student to work initiatives.

Series VII. International, 1973-1997, Boxes 51-55 Materials related to the AFT being apart of the free trade union movement worldwide. There is correspondence, reports, memos, newsletters and meeting minutes related to various international teacher unions or foreign government agencies. There is extensive correspondence, reports, memos, and newsletters with international teacher organizations. Subseries A: Correspondence with Government Offices and Teacher Unions, 1973-1997 Communication about travel arrangements to countries and their teacher unions. General correspondence about assistance in international programs to help education systems or to assist in getting jobs in the United States. Reports on conditions as well as brief histories of the countries major unions, education programs, human rights or the teacher union movement. Interesting information on South African apartheid, teacher organizing and university protests.

Subseries B: Labor Organizations and Meetings, 1974-1996 The organizations and meetings are with education and labor organizations that consist of reports and minutes. There are correspondence relating to upcoming meetings and policy. ICFTU and IFFTU files reveal information on the development of free trade unions in Latin and South America, Europe and Asia.

Series VIII. NEA and US Independent Unions, 1968-1997, Boxes 55-56 Series contains reports, memos, correspondence and general information relating to the often-volatile relationship that existed between the AFT and the NEA. Subseries A: NEA, 1968-1997 Series on NEA is alphabetical and consists of correspondence, reports, notes, minutes and transcripts. Merger files contain correspondence, press releases, and newspapers articles about meetings. NEA and NEA convention files contain a plethora of information both anti of NEA by AFT or visa versa. They contain correspondence, press releases, notes, reports, propaganda, views of the AFT convention from NEA delegates and visa versa.

Subseries B: NEA Locals and State Associations, 1972-1996 Correspondence, reports, meetings, related that local or state association. Occasionally information on potential mergers or affiliation

Subseries C: Independent Unions, 1975-1992 Correspondence with unions not affiliated with the AFL-CIO. Majority of the communications are inquiring about affiliating with the AFT or with the AFL- CIO itself.

Series IX. Publications, 1960-2002, Boxes 57-62 This series has three subseries, all-pertaining to publishing, whether it is published materials or correspondence with publishers. There are articles, correspondence, memos, and drafts Subseries A: Articles about/by Shanker, 1967-2002 This subseries contains articles about or written by Shanker. They are not indexed. At the end of the series blurbs in books and letters-to-the-editor are in separate folders.

Subseries B: Correspondence with Publishers, 1974-1996 Correspondence with publishers contains a range of materials from upcoming articles in which the publisher wanted feedback, drafts of Shanker articles and regular correspondence with publishers or from readers. Occasionally there will be letters to the editor if there is sequence of correspondence. In the New Republic files there are numerous correspondences about Where We Stand. The Where We Stand column began publication in the New Republic in 1990

Subseries C: Publications, 1960-1996 This series contains various publications that Shanker kept or where found in the correspondence/subject files and moved to this series. Topics range from education, race issues, labor, and Communism. This subseries is in two sections, AFT publications and other publications. AFT section contains published materials by the AFT ranging from standards, goals of the AFT and QuEST readers, which will contain transcripts from speeches at QuEST. The file range is 59.15 through 59.48 Section ‘other publications’ has various publications that Shanker held on to. Shanker claimed to be a magazine junky, and this series shows an example of the varied subjects Shanker read. ‘Educational Excellence Network’ was a monthly news clipping service run by Diane Ravitch and Gil Sewall. The Coalition of Essential Schools, whose chairman was Theodore Sizer, published Horace. Each issue would contain a report on one education issue. This file covers 1985 through 1993.

Series X. Speeches and Interviews, 1968-1996, Boxes 63-66 This series are transcripts of speeches and interviews given by Albert Shanker. The archive does not have all of these speeches and interviews in audio form. These are not all the speeches and interviews that Mr. Shanker gave in his lifetime, but are the only ones that were received by the archives. The speeches show the progression of various education reform initiatives undertaken by the AFT and Shanker’s views on communism, the labor movement, and international education. Testimony and statements to Congress are included in the speeches section. The interviews are a separate section and are occasionally more casual on Shanker’s views of people, the labor movement and his own personal history.

Series XI. Subjects, 1956-1997, Boxes 66-96 This series tries to mirror the filling system of the AFT office of the president, however the archivist did take some liberties. The series contains correspondence, reports, memos, white papers, minute meetings and transcripts, court proceedings, articles and clippings. There is extensive information about Tuition Tax Credits, Quotas (especially with the Bakke Case), and the formation of the NBPTS. The files of the Forum of Educational Organization Leaders (FEOL) cover a wide area of education subjects. Freedom House files contains reports about human rights, international diplomacy and anti-communist programs. Miscellaneous files have correspondence from teachers, fans and enemies. Subseries A: Department of Education - States, 1974–1997 Subseries contains correspondence with either the state department/board of education, city or county department/board of education. The materials cover areas pertaining to AFT affiliates, invitations to speak at conferences, and information about various education reforms.

Series XII. Where We Stand, 1970-1997, Boxes 97-100 This series contains information of not only the creation of a different Where We Stand column every week, but various indexes and lists created by the AFT to help with the demand by the general public to get specific Where We Stand columns. NYSUT with the help of the AFT and the Walter P. Reuther Library created a Where We Stand database. The website is http://www.nysut.org/shanker/index.html. To learn more about the columns impact, read the Shanker biography at the beginning of the guide, or at the Albert Shanker Institute website, http://www.shankerinstitute.org/AT/teacher7.html Subseries A: Drafts, 1970-1997 Where We Stand series contains drafts, correspondence about the draft, index listings of various years and a complete list of the columns from 1970-1997, not full text. The drafts and correspondence are not a complete run. ‘Where We Stand Columns and index’ contain an index created at the AFT and the entire WWS from that year.

Subseries B: Correspondence, 1984-1997 Subseries contains correspondence about Where We stand columns. They are arranged by date received or answered. They are from teachers to heads of state, from fans to enemies.

Series XIII. Memorial and Personal Effects, 1974-1997, Boxes 100-101 This series contains correspondence, emails, and lists, cards and speeches all related to the death of Albert Shanker in 1997. How We Knew Him is a compilation of stories from AFT staff about Shanker and The Power of Ideas is a collection of quotes, and statements by Shanker. The personal effects section is materials found by the archivist from Shanker’s office that did not really fit in any other series and add a personal account of who Albert Shanker was in this collection guide.

Series XIV Travel Calendars, Schedules, Phone Messages, 1974-1996, Boxes 101-105 This series contains Shanker’s daily schedules in and out of the office. Meetings, phone messages and the topics. Dinners with people, vacations taken and doctor appointments from general checkup s to his chemo sessions. Numbered information are in folders, the rest of the series are in bound volumes. While reviewing these materials double -check any meetings, there were numerous revisions on computer printed schedules.

Dates

1957 - 1997
Majority of material found within 1978 - 1994

Language of Materials

Material entirely in English.

Access

Collection is open for research.

Use

Researchers cannot quote from the files ‘Bruce Miller’

Refer to the Walter P. Reuther Library Rules for Use of Archival Materials. Restrictions: Researchers may encounter records of a sensitive nature – personnel files, case records and those involving investigations, legal and other private matters. Privacy laws and restrictions imposed by the Library prohibit the use of names and other personal information which might identify an individual, except with written permission from the Director and/or the donor.

History

History: Under the leadership of Albert Shanker, AFT membership almost tripled, organizing was expanded, and the AFT had become a union that was respected in all areas of education and labor. Albert Shanker steered the AFT through the various crises of the 1970s that included tuition tax credits, affirmative action court decision and citizens tax revolts. The AFT expanded its organizing scope to include paraprofessionals, state and local public employees and nurses.

The 1980s saw the immediate rise of education reform with the release of 'The Nation At Risk'. The AFT advanced some of these education reforms while battled other. The AFT challenged its membership to take the risks of education reform to better the lives of the children they teach, from merit pay to a peer review program that came out of the Toledo Federation of Teachers, Local 250 (the TFT collection at the Reuther Library ends in 1968.) The union also expanded its services to include more research on the issues of healthcare, privatization, state and local budgets and more. In 1985 Albert Shanker gave a speech at the National Press Club calling for a new professionalism in regards to teachers, he called for a national board for teachers. In 1987 the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards was created.

Since the 1920 the AFT has been very involved with international education and unions. See the AFT collection Part I and II and Selma Borchardt. Under Shanker’s leadership the AFT expanded its interest in international issues. The AFT was very involved with the promotion of democracy and free trade unionism in the Polish Solidarity movement;also the union provided training and technical support to teacher unions in Eastern Europe with the Democracy in Education project.

During the 1990s the AFT continued to grow and prosper. Albert Shanker became the elder statesman of the labor movement and education worldwide. The union continued to push new ideas in education reform through the collective bargaining process, as in standards, restructuring of the school, and discipline through a Bill of Rights of Respect and Responsibility. In 1997, Albert Shanker was taken by cancer.

Biography: Albert Shanker is considered one of the most important labor leaders of the late 20th century. From a substitute math teacher, Shanker rose to national prominence as the president of the American Federation of Teachers. Shanker gained national attention as the militant strike leader of New York City teachers in the 1960s and was immortalized in Woody Allen's 'Sleeper' as the man who destroyed civilization with a nuclear weapon. Shanker later became known as an elder statesman on education, trade unionism and human rights. President Clinton called him "one of the greatest educators of 20th century."

Albert Shanker was born on September 14, 1928 and raised in Long Island City, Queens, New York by Russian immigrant parents. His father delivered papers and his mother worked as a sewing machine operator in the garment sweatshops. It was his mother that instilled a passion for trade unionism and the love of debate.

Shanker completed all but his dissertation at Columbia University before running out of patience and money eventually taking a job as a substitute teacher at PS 179 in East Harlem. Shanker quickly became active with the Teachers' Guild and by 1959, resigned as a math teacher to become a full time organizer for the Guild, which in 1960 became the United Federation of Teachers (UFT). Shanker was pivotal for the next eight years in changing the nature of teacher unions. By 1964 Shanker became president of the (UFT), the union that represented just over 45,000 New York City schoolteachers, a position he held till 1986.

In 1967, Shanker led a three-week strike that included not only basic trade union issues but also various education reforms such as class size, and discipline. Shanker entered the national spotlight during a volatile period of strikes in 1968 that divided New York City. At the center of the issue was community control of the school district called Ocean Hill – Brownsville. Shanker favored community control, however when union members were dismissed without due process, Shanker took the city's teachers out on strike three different times for a total of 55 days. Both strikes sent Shanker to jail.

The following year, the UFT won the right to represent paraprofessionals in the city, the deciding votes coming from the Ocean Hill-Brownsville area. In 1972, he worked with Tom Hobart, to merge the National Education Association’s statewide affiliate with the AFT state affiliate, to create the New York State United Teachers. In the spring of 1975, New York City’s faced bankruptcy and needed $7 billion in loans. The city laid of thousands of city employees, including 15,000 teachers. The UFT struck for five days over the issue of class size. Various unions in New York City, however, agreed to use strike funds and retirement pensions to buy city bonds to save the city. Shanker asked the UFT's Teachers' Retirement System to invest as well and on October 17, 1975, the UFT bought $150 million in city bonds.

Shanker became president of the American Federation of Teachers in 1974. Under his leadership the membership of the AFT almost tripled and the role of organizing changed in which the union included paraprofessionals, health care workers and public employees.

In 1978, Congress was considering tuition tax credits to be used for private and parochial schools. Shanker argued that it was not just about jobs but also about the future of public education for everyone, good schools and bad. The AFT joined with the National Coalition to Save Public Education, an alliance of various education consumer groups and religious groups whose sole purpose was to support a commitment to unrestricted public education. The defeat of tuition tax credits resulted in the transformation of Shanker as a militant union leader into a sincere education reformer.

Shanker initiated an experiment on December 13, 1970. On that day, his first Where We Stand column was published in the New York Times. The idea came from Arnold Beichman, a friend of Shanker’s, who suggested that he place an ad in the same place every week in the Sunday New York Times. This would allow Shanker to have a weekly forum to convey his ideas to the public. Twenty-six years later and about 1,300 columns later, the ‘Shanker column’ became an institution in the Sunday New York Times. Every Sunday, in 800 words, Shanker wrote to a worldwide audience about education, the labor movement, human and civil rights, and even how to make perfect French bread. He believed the column was a perfect medium to “help create a balanced picture of what I was about and what the union was about.”

In 1983 National Commission on Excellence in Education released the report “A Nation At Risk”. Although he was initially skeptical, Shanker realized the report was not an attack on public education, but instead, showed that public education should be saved. In response, he led the AFT into a new era, and made himself into a statesman for education. Two years later, at the National Press Club in Washington DC, Shanker issued a “call for professionalism” in the teaching profession. He advocated higher standards for teachers through a national teacher examination. By 1987 the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) was founded. The NBPTS is a voluntary national certification body for teachers that has become a major force in education reform. Other education reforms spearheaded by Shanker during the 1980s were a simpler system to remove unproductive teachers and a peer review evaluation program--first developed in Toledo by Dal Lawrence, President of the Toledo Federation of Teachers. Shanker popularized charter schools that would give the greater flexibility to school staffs to make decisions that affect the quality of the education they provide.

By the 1990s, Shanker was a respected American statesman. He spoke around the world to government officials, school superintendents, business leaders and union leaders sought his advice and consul. As a senior vice president of the AFL-CIO, Shanker called on the union movement to develop new organizing methods that would increase professional employee union membership, and attract the new workforce of the 21st century. The education agenda that Shanker laid out in his weekly columns and his constant traveling was to promote the idea that teachers are professionals, which included a national test, peer review, charter schools with heavy school employee input, as well as standards for students. To honor his life-long devotion to education Shanker was named fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1996. To date, he is the only labor leader to sit beside Nobel laureates and Pulitzer Prize winners.

Shanker insisted on tougher standards for civil and human rights. Throughout his life, he insisted that “When men and women are imprisoned, tortured and killed because they dare to speak, write or organize, it makes no difference whether they were silenced by leftist or rightist dictators. The action must be condemned.”

Cooking was one of Shanker’s many hobbies. Other passions were stereo equipment, classical and jazz music, wines, and African folk art.

On February 22, 1997, Shanker died of cancer. He was the longest sitting president of the AFT from 1974-1997. Albert Shanker was one of the most powerful and respected American labor leaders of the late-twentieth century. Considered canny, a maverick and a tough negotiator, Shanker was also well respected and sought after for his wisdom in the development of public education, on civil rights and on trade unionism.

Brief Chronology of the Life of Albert Shanker: 9/14/28 Born to immigrants from Czarist Russia, Morris, who delivered newspapers, and Mamie, a garment worker holding union cards in both the International Ladies Garment Workers Union and Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union.

1946 Graduated from Stuyvesant HS, where he headed the debate team. Enrolled in the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana ... In college joined recently formed Congress of Racial Equality.

1949 Graduated with honors with degree in philosophy. Enrolled in doctoral program in philosophy at Columbia University, intending to become a college professor. Would complete all coursework ... Married Pearl Sabbath; they would have son, Carl.

1952 To earn money to complete dissertation, took teaching job as a per diem substitute at PS 179 in East Harlem.

1953 Moved into a regular sub position at JHS 126 in Queens. Met other young radical teachers George Altomare (later a United Federation of Teachers VP) and Dan Sanders (later a NYSUT officer and organized school for Teachers Guild.

1959 Left job teaching at JHS 88 in Manhattan to become full-time Teachers Guild organizer.

1960 Guild merges with breakaway faction of High School Teachers Association to form UFT. Soon after, UFT strikes for one day to demand collective bargaining rights.

1961 NYC teachers choose UFT as collective bargaining agent, the first time in the U.S. that teachers would have right to negotiate for better wages and working conditions. ... Second marriage. Edith (Eadie) Gerber; they would have three children, Adam, Jennie and Michael.

1962 Shanker elected UFT secretary.

1964 Succeeds Charles Cogen as UFT president.

1967 Leads three-week strike for smaller classes, more money for education. Goes to jail for 15 days for violating state law prohibiting strikes by public employees.

1968 Leads long and bruising Ocean Hill-Brownsville strike over due process rights for members.

1969 Goes to jail for another 15 days for his role in

1968 strike ... Brings paraprofessionals into UFT. 12/19/70 Begins "Where We Stand" column in The New York Times.

1972 As head of the American Federation of Teachers' statewide organization, worked with Tom Hobart, the Buffalo teacher who led the National Education Association's statewide affiliate, to form NYSUT. After serving as co-president with Hobart, Shanker became NYSUT executive VP until 1978.

1973 Elected VP and executive council member of AFL-CIO; would head its international affairs committee ... Woody Allen spoofs him in Sleeper ... Joins International Rescue Committee.

1974 Elected AFT president. Would be re-elected every two years thereafter.

1975 In financial chaos, NYC dismisses some 15,000 teachers. As contract expires, teachers return to school in September to find over 50 children in a class. UFT Delegate Assembly recommends a strike and 23,000 at Madison Square Garden roar approval ... Strike lasts five days, wins longevity increases, for 10 and 15 years of service ... Shanker later plays key role in saving NYC from bankruptcy by asking the Teachers' Retirement System to invest $150 million in Municipal Assistance Corp. bonds.

1976 Elected delegate to Democratic National Convention; also 1980, 1984, 1988, and 1996.

1983 Committee on Economic Development's education task force ... Embraces Reagan administration's "A Nation at Risk" report, which condemned the state of American education and called for higher standards.

1985 Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, task force on teaching as a profession ... First floats idea of a rigorous national teacher's exam in speech at National Press Club ... Resigns UFT presidency; succeeded by Sandra Feldman January, 1986.

1986 Visiting professor Hunter College.

1987 Visiting professor, Harvard College; also in 1988, 1989, 1990.

1988 Testifies for funding needed to start work of National Board for Professional Teaching standards, which grew out of his 1985 speech.

1989 George Bush names him to President's Education Policy Advisory Group. 1993 Founding president Education International, the union formed by merger of AFT/NEA international affiliates.

1996 Announces AFT's "Lessons for Life" campaign, which calls for higher standards of student conduct and achievement ... Named fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the only labor leader to sit beside Nobel laureates and Pulitzer Prize winners.

2/22/97 Dies.

Memberships AFL-CIO Executive Council; Jewish Labor Committee; A. Philip Randolph Institute; Spence Foundation; U.S. Council on Competitiveness; Joint Council on Economic Education; Freedom House, National Endowment for Democracy; International Rescue Committee; Trilateral Commission; Committee for Economic Development.

Awards Creative Leadership Award, NYU School of Education, 1978; Heritage of Liberty Award, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1978; Distinguished Service Award, SUNY Albany School of Education, 1984, and Graduate School of Education and Human Development, University of Rochester, 1986; James E. Allen Memorial Award, SUNY 1986; Labor Management Award, Work in America Institute, 1990; Distinguished Service Medal, Columbia University Teachers College, 1990.

Source: UFT website, http://www.uft.org/about/bios/Shanker_Albert_bc/

Extent

105 Linear Feet (105 SB)

Additional Description

Abstract

The papers contain correspondence, memos, reports, clippings, minutes, flyers, meeting materials, proceedings, speeches, articles and scripts relating to the presidency of Albert Shanker. Subjects cover a wide variety of topics including charter schools, community control of school boards, education reform, National Education Association, teacher salaries, accountability, international democracy, communism, strikes, tuition tax credits, and international trade unions. Important correspondence are with Terrel Bell, Irving Brown, Lane Kirkland, Diane Ravitch, James Hunt, Norma Hill, Jerry Wurf, Theodore Sizer, Ronald Reagan, and William Clinton.

Arrangement

Arranged in 14 series – Series 1 (Boxes 1-13), Series 2 (Boxes 13-29), Series 3 (Boxes 29-36), Series 4 (Boxes 36-40), Series 5 (Boxes 41-44), Series 6 (Boxes 45-51), Series 7 (Boxes 51-55), Series 8 (Boxes 86-88), Series 9 (Boxes 57-62), Series 10 (Boxes 63-66), Series 11 (Boxes 66-96), Series 12 (Boxes 97-100), Series 13 (Boxes 100-101), and Series 14 (Boxes 101-105). See individual series for specific arrangement.

Series 1 is divided into 4 subseries. Series 2, 6, 7, and 12 are divided into 2 subseries. Series 3, 8, and 9 are divided into 3 subseries. Series 11 is divided into 1 subseries.

Acquisition

The presidential papers of Albert Shanker have been placed in the Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs from 1981 through 2004.

Related Materials

AFT Office of the President Records

Transfers

Hundreds of photographs have been removed to the AV department of the Walter P. Reuther Library. A small amount of audio and video tapes were moved to the AV department. Seven books were removed and placed in the library.

Indexes for the AFT President's Office: Albert Shanker Collection

Index AFT Affiliates

To locate a folder, this series the folder number is the local’s number to locate the exact folder the subject will be followed by the local number and date range. For example Subject: Standards, Local Number/Date: 1/90 OR Subject: Standards, Local Number/Date Range: 2/78-79

AAUP, 1847/81-83, 29:13; Affiliations, 1421/75-81
Abortion, 2190/75-82, 27:17
Abzug, Bella, 2/76
Academic Freedom, 1600/75-80, 3796/82
Accountability, 3/91-96, 26:21
Affirmative Action, 2/76, 2/77, 61/80-88, 1078/74-95, 1593/74-77, 1934/74-84, 2190/75- 81
AFL-CIO, 3/74-75; American Institute for Free Labor Development, 2150/74-96, 2287/75-92, 26:9; IUD, 2/88; Public Employee Department, 27:6
AFSCME, 27:12, 28:21, 29:11
AFT, Associate Members, 3456/75-86; Black Caucus, 3/79-82, 26:16; Dues, 3262/81-90, 3950/83-84, 4053/83, 4053/84-86, 4053/89, 4053/90; ER&D Program, 102183- 87; vs. NEA, 26:9; National Representatives, 1/77-80
Agency Fee Shop, 231/75-81, 3112/82-89, 1825/83-94; California, 26:6; Chicago, 1/82- 87; New York, 27:25
Alexander, Governor Lamar, 28:20
All China Federation of Trade Unions, 26:9
Alvarado, Anthony, 2/84-85
American Federation of Government Employees, 28:13
American Jewish Foundation, 2/75
Anti-AFT, 2937/85, 3535/75-79, 26:15,
Anti-Union, 2/76, 1788/79-87, 26:9
Asbestos, 1716/76-92
Association of Pennsylvania State College and University Faculties, 28:18; At-Risk, 2641/90-94
Bakke Case, 26:4
Baltimore Teachers Union, 2/78-79
Bayh, Governor Evan, 3153/76-92
Bennett, William, 4307/85, 29:3
Bilingual Education, 1/82-87, 2/74, 2/81-82, 61/80-88, 29:3
Billups, Lovely, 2938/88
Book Banning, 1846/76-82
Bork, Judge Robert, 28:1
Boston University, 1340/89, 1340/89-90
Boyer, Ernest, 2190/75-81
Bush, President George, America 2000, 28:5
Busing, 1/77-80
Byrne, Brendan, 2/76
Cafeteria Employees, 3/76-78
California Educational Efficiency Initiative, 26:10
California Faculty Association, 29:17
California, 1021/83-87; Higher Education, 29:16; NEA, 1921/77, 26:6; Property Tax, 61/74-79, 26:7, 29:2; Public Employee Strikes, 26:8, 26:12; Vouchers, 26:10
Cambodia, 2/80; Refugees, 29:2
Carter, President Jimmy, 29:6
Central America, 223/76-83, 957/75-88, 2287/75-92, 5001/79-89, 28:10
Charter Schools, 2/88, 681/74-96
Chelsea School District, 66/88-95
Chicago High School Assistant Principals’ Association, 1/74-76
Chicago United, 1/82-87
Chicago, 3/79-82
Child Labor, 3/76-78
Chilean Teachers Union, 2688/75-82
China, 27:4
Civil Rights, 2/83, 2/68-95
Class Size, 2/80, 2415/74-82
Clements, Governor Bill, 29:3
Coalition of Labor Union Women, 2/78-79
Collective Bargaining, 2/64, 2/60s, 400/74-75, 1018/75-80, 26:21; Higher Education, 29:17
Community Control, 2/88
Community Education Coalition, 250/83-97
Connecticut State Employees Association, 2/78-79
Corporal Punishment, 2/78-79
Corridor Initiative, 2/90
Council of Competitiveness, 2/88
Council of the Great City Schools, 2552/95
Creationism, 2309/83-95
Cuba, 27:20
Curriculum, 420/83-97; Art, 1343/75-94; New Jersey, 481/83-96
Dade County Public Schools, 4053/93-97
Dallas Independent School District, 2260/91-96
Decentralization, 2/90, 2/68-95, 2434/78-92
Denver, 27:1
Desegregation, 420/75-82, 691/82-96, 762/76-80, 1078/74-95; AFT committee, 6/74-76; Cincinnati, 1520/90-97; Duval, 3326/74-94; Hartford, 26:16; Philadelphia, 3/74- 75
Detroit, Finances, 231/82-96; Salary, 691/75-80 Devlin, Paul, 1340/89-90
Dial A Teacher, 1211/80-84
Dinkins, David, 2/90
Discipline, 3/83-85, 400/74-75, 519/75-95, 1974/92-96
Discrimination, Anti-Semitism, 481/74-77, 481/77-79; Employment, 66/81-82, 66/82-87, 250/75-82; Maternity, 1309/75; Religious, 1012/83-86; School Funds, 1021/89-9; Sex, 1/77-80: 2198/73
Drop Out, 2415/83-96
Duty Free Lunch, 28:21
EAI, 340/83-96, 1018/81-95, 1340/91-96, 1974/92-96
East Baton Rouge Teachers Association, 3/79-82
Edison Project, 4053/93-97
Education Reform, 2/81-82, 3/91-96, 279/83-96, 400/81-93, 958/76-90, 1520/84-89, 1974/83-87, 3117/87, 3786/77-94, 26:19, 29:3; Chicago, 1/88-89, 1/93-96; New York City, 2/90
Education Testing Service, 616/76-89
El Salvador, 2/81-82, 957/75-88; 1021/78-82, 27:11, 27:13 ERA, 26:18
Evolution, 3913/87
Fairness Doctrine, 1983/75
Fair Share, 872/74-96, 1220/75-95, 27:12
Farmers, 2486/78
Federal Funding, 2/81-82, 3/76-78
Fort Bragg, 28:7
Florida, 27:1
Florida Teaching Profession’s, 1974/74-79, 1974/79-82
FNHP, 2/80
Ford, Gerald, 2/75
Gay and Lesbian Issues, 26:16
Graduate Employees, 223/76-83
Guidance Counselors, 822/74-86
Hammond, Linda Darling, 28:5
Hand Gun Control, 3771/93
Handicapped, 231/75-81, 400/76-80
Health Care, 2/88, 9523/94, 29:7
Health Insurance, 3003/75-94, 27:27
Higher Education, 3133/80-82; Affiliation, 1847/81-83; Part-Time Teachers, 2026/77-91; Retirement, 2287/75-92, 2190/83-94; Salaries, 1421/75-81, 29:13; Student Fees, 26:9
IDEA, 280/77-96
Immigration, 3151/74-89
Inclusion, 250/83-97
International, 27:26
International Labour Organization, 1977/77-79, 28:2
Integration, 1/77-80, 2/76, 66/74-79
Ireland, 1633/77-92
Israel, 28:2
Israel Teachers Union, 2/91
J.P. Stevens Strike, 857/76-90
Jenkins vs. Missouri, 691/82-96
Job Definition, 3158/74-76
Jurisdictional Disputes, 3/76-78
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation v Weber, 2190/75-81
Kennedy, Senator Edward, 27:11
Koppel, Ted, 1340/89-90
Kraus, Arthur James, 2/88
LaCour, Nathaniel, 28:21
LaRouche, Lyndon, 28:16-17
Labor Council for Latin American Advancement, 2/75, 2/76
Labor Unions, 1714/77-83, 27:5; North Carolina, 28:7
Los Angeles, 2/77; School Reorganization, 1021/92-97
Mainstreaming, Pennsylvania, 3/76-78
Massachusetts Federation of Teachers, 1037/82
Maternity Leave, 27:12
McAuliffe, Christa, 27:17
Meany, George, 691/75-80, 1075/77
Mentally Handicapped, 3/76-78, 28:15
Merger, 243/76-94, 296/74, 772/74-78, 2985/74-76, 3108/74; Alaska, 26:1; California, 26:10; Cincinnati, 1520/76-81; Florida, 4154/82-92; Hawaii, 1127/77-94; San Diego, 370/74-92; Santa Ana, 2189/76, 26:5; San Francisco, 61/74-79, 61/80-88, 26:10; South Bend, 679/76-80
Merit Pay, 616/89-93, 1974/83-87, 2401/74-95, 3600/79-92, 26:21, 27:4, 28:17 Mexico, 28:10
Michigan Commission on High Schools, 231/82-96
Michigan Education Association, 27:24
Moynihan, Senator Daniel Patrick, 3150/80-93, 27:27, 28:1
Muir, Edward, 2/95-96
Multiculturalism, 3/87-91, 527/74-96; New York State Poll, 28:5
National Association of Catholic School Teachers, 29:14
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 2872/87
National Center on Education and the Economy, 616/76-89
National Endowment for Democracy, 3220/75-87
National Education Association, 2882/75-90, 4179/83, 26:21, 28:15; Anti-, 2999/75-86, 3975/79-85, 27:20; Higher Education Affiliations, 1847/77-81
National Urban League, 527/74-96
Nestle Boycott, 3220/75-87
New Jersey, 1340/89, 27:19
New Jersey Education Association, 2/90, 27:18, 29:13
New York Alliance for the Public Schools Poll, 2/83
New York City Fiscal Crisis, 1/74-76, 2/75, 2/76, 2/91, 795/75-95, 2551/75-91, 27:12 New York City Finances, 2/78-79, 2/80, 2170/74-78; Schools, 2/91
New York Jewish Labor Committee, 2/76
New York Task Force on the Teaching Profession, 28:2 Nicaragua, 2/88, 28:4
Noon Time Aides, 3/76-77
Nuclear Weapons, 280/77-96, 2050/83-85
Nurses, 2523/76-81
O’Brien, Ronald, 28:16-17
Ohio Education Association, 279/74-82
Organizing, Alabama Project, 2115/76-93; Computer Professionals, 2190/83-94; Denver Nurses, 5016/79-81; Florida, 3326/74-94; Public Employees, 3186/73-76, 29:4; Professionals, 26:14; Texas, 29:2, 29:3; South, 2115/76-93, 2143/74-94, 2401/74- 95, 3521/75-88, 28:21; School Psychologists, 2/92
Paraprofessionals, 2/70, 340/83-96, 400/74-75, 1873/77, 2193/76-89
Parochial Schools, 2092/76-81, 2400/77-78, 26:6, 27:5, 27:24
Pascack Valley Hospital, 2/80
PATCO, 2336/80-81, 3003/75-94, 27:26
Payroll Dues Checkoff, 2/76
Peer Review, 1/93-96, 250/75-82, 250/83-97, 616/76-89, 1520/84-89, 3151/74-89
Pennsylvania State Education Association, 400/81-93
Pension, 1/77-80, 1/82-87, 2/92, 1600/75-80, 4053/93-97
Performance Based Compensation, SEE - Merit Pay
Perpich, Governor Rudy, 27:13
Pickett Lines, 1708/78-96
Poland, 616/76-89, 28:10
Political Action Committee, 2882/75-90, 3417/83
Private Schools, 340/83-96, 3249/74
Professional Development, 1/90-92, 1794/80-92
Professionalism, 2842/82-85, 28:11
Proster Theory, 280/77-96
Public Agenda Report, 28:6
Public Employees, 61/74-79, 3186/73-76; Merit System, 1649/74-80; Michigan, 27:11
Quality of Work Life Plan, SEE - Shared Decision Making
Ravitch, Diane, 2/95-96
Re:Learning, 1974/90-91
Reading, 1/90-92
Reagan, President Ronald, 2476/83, 29:13; Education, 616/76-89, 27:26
Recipes, 519/75-95
Residency, 484/75-91
Restructuring, 61/89-96, 400/81-93, 1974/90-91, 26:21, 29:3
Retired Teachers, 2/77, 2/86, 2/89, 3119/81-93, 28:5
Retirement, 681/74-96
Right To Work, 231/75-81, 340/83-96, 2190/75-81, 5018/81
Rodriguez vs. Los Angeles United School District, 1021/89-91
Romer, Roy Governor, 2265/90-93
Rustin, Bayard, 2/68-95
Salaries, 691/75-80, 1975/75-91, 3003/75-94, 28:6; AFT Local Presidents, 66/82-87; Dallas, 2260/81-89; Rochester, 616/84-91
Saturn School of Tomorrow, 28/74-97
Schierenbeck, Jack, 2/95-96
School Based Planning, 616/76-89
School Boards, 1238/75-85
School Choice, 1/90-92, 1340/89
School Environment, 250/75-82, 1825/75-82
School Financing, 26:9, 26:13, 28:19
School Violence, 400/74-75
School Year, 1/77-80, 6/83-90, 616/76-89, 1273/77-95, 28:13, 28:14
Selden, David, 2/95-96
Seniority Rights, 1908/84-85
Serrano v Priest, 26:9, 26:13
Service Employees International Union, 4053/83, 4053/84-86
Sexual Harassment, 1881/77-94
Shared Decision Making, 61/89-96, 66/88-95, 692/83-92, 1520/90-97, 1974/88-89, 1975/75-91
Sheff vs, O’Neill, 26:16
Sibler, John, 1340/90
Single Family Household, 2063/74
Social Security, 400/76-80, 1768/76-78, 2688/75-82
South Africa, 2/83
Special Education, 1018/75-80, 2260/74-81
St. John University, 2/60s
Staff Development, 691/82-96, 1881/77-94
Standards, 3/91-96, 231/82-96, 803/78-94, 2401/74-95
Stress Management, 2/89
Student Achievement, 691/82-96, 860/89-95, 1881/77-94, 1974/83-87, 27:27
Student Violence, 1238/75-85
Substitute Teachers, 400/76-80, 1975/75-91
SUNY Alliance, 2190/75-81
Talamante, Olga, 26:4
Teacher Academy, 1846/76-82
Teacher Aides, SEE Paraprofessionals
Teacher Center, 2713/86, 28:15
Teacher Certification, 1421/82-94; National Press Club Speech, 2601/85-86, 27:28 Teacher Education, 2190/83-94
Teacher Evaluation, 340/83-96, 27:17
Teacher Internship, 250/75-82, 250/83-97
Teacher Shortage, 2/60s, 860/89-95
Teacher Survey, Allegany County, 27:9; Baltimore, 340/83-96; Corpus Christi, 3456/75-86; Dallas, 2260/74-81; Hawaii, 1127/77-94; Los Angeles, 1021/83-87; Minneapolis, 59/80-96, 27:13; New York, 2/95-96; New York State, 27:23; Palm Beach Junior College, 4209/88; San Antonio, 1356/76-96; Wichita Federation of Teachers, 725/77-92
Teacher Transfer, 2/68-95, 6/74-76, 684/79-89, 1018/75-80, 2966/80-93
Teachers Guild, 2/89
Teamsters, 1085/75-93, 1481/76-85
Technology, 28:1, 28:5
Tenure, 869/75-88, 1453/87, 1711/74-83, 2527/80-81, 27:12
Tesseract School, 59/80-96, 340/83-96
Testing, 28:15; Reading 400/74-75
Title I, 1/77-80, 3/74-75, 61/74-79
Toxic Substances Control Act, 1716/76-92
Tuition Tax Credits, 2/81-82, 3/79-82, 795/75-95, 1776/74-78, 3150/80-93, 3448/76-80, 27:11
Unemployment Insurance, 1/74-76
United Catholic Secondary Teachers Association, 26:5-6
United Faculty of Florida, 1880/75-81, 2397/82-94, 29:13
United Teachers of Los Angeles, 1521/83-95, 26:6-8
University Public school partnership, 1340/89, 1340/89-90
University of California, 26:9
Urban School, 2/81-82
Uruguay, 3/74-75
Vermont, 29:4
Vietnam War, 497/75-78
Vocation Education, 1/77-80, 2/76
Vouchers, 2/92, 3/87-91, 872/74-96, 1649/82-93, 26:8; New Jersey, 29:12
Wage Standards, 3142/79
Walsh, Deborah Lynch, 1/93-96
Wine, 1440/78-79
Work Day, 223/76-83
Wurf, Jerry, 28:21
Yeshiva, 2334/83-96
Zionism, 3/74-75

Index of Publications The articles about or by Albert Shanker were not indexed.

Adolescence, 61:40, 62:13, 62:34
Accountability, 62:19
AFL-CIO, 58:8, 58:54, 61:32; Evolution of Work, 59:64; Human Rights, 61:12; Urban Issues, 62:47
AFT, 59:11, 59.31; Black Caucus, 58:11; Merger, 58:38; Retirees, 58:47
Africa, 61:5
Alexander, Secretary Lamar, 58:8
Art Education, 59:51
Artificial Intelligence, 61:18
At-Risk Youth, 62:2, 62:27
Bennet, Secretary William, 59:4
Bilingual, 58:43, 58:55, 61:13
Boston University, 58:8
Brown v Board of Education, 61:17
Bukovsky, Vladimir, 61:20, 61:38
Bush, President George, Education Policy, 59:11, 59:37, 61:31, 62:39
California, 59:70, 61:32; Curriculum, 62:21; Education Reform, 58:45, 62:9, 62:44; Proposition 13, 62:14; Vouchers, 58:55, 59:11, 59:13
Canada, 61:36
Carnegie Report, 58:14, 59:8
Carter, President Jimmy, Urban Policy, 60:23
Central America, 59:2
Channel One, 58:8
Chelsea Schools, 58:8
Child Abuse, 60:28
Child Development Program, 58:45
China, 60:33
Chubb, John, 58:8, 58:45
City College of New York, 58:52
Class Room Violence, 59:22
Class Size, 59:11, 62:29
Corporal Punishment, 59:3
Day Care, 59:1, 59:69, 60:26
Department of Education, 58:8, 58:9, 59:3, 59:8
Dearborn, 58.47
Detroit, 62:47
Democracy, 60:33
Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, 61:12
Desegregation, 61:14, 62.22
Detroit Federation of Teachers, 58:8
Discipline, 59:22, 61:3
Dispute Resolution, 59:62
Drop-outs, SEE AT-RISK YOUTH
Drugs, 60:27
Early Childhood Education, 59:1, 59:11, 60:35, 61:30, 62:3
Eastern Europe, 62:35
Education Alternative Inc., 58:8
Education Reform, 58:40, 58:45, 59:45, 59:54, 59:59, 60:7, 60:21, 60:24, 60:31, 61:41, 61:42, 62:12, 62:31; Business, 58:37, 58:43, 59:14, 59:37, 59:71; Contracting Out, 62:6; Cognitive Science, 61:18; Effective Schools, 58:45; Egypt, 59:57
Electric Deregulation, 60:31
Employment, 61:14
England Labour Party, 61:23
Europe, 60:37; Communism, 61:23
Families, 59:62, 60:26, 60:27, 60:28; Child Development, 60:35; Divorce, 59:38; Military, 60:28; Wages, 60:26, 60:27, 60:28
Freedom House History, 60:32
Germany, 60:37, 61:16
Gifted and Talented Students, 61:3
Glazer, Nat, 59:10
Gulf War, 58:8
Head Start, 58:8
Health Care, 62:7
Higher Education, 59.44, 62:30; Labor Movement, 59:32, 61:22; Students, 59:47, 62:29
Hispanic Americans, 58:43, 60:40
Homeless, 60:3
Hook, Sidney, 59:65, 59:68
Housing, 61:14
Human Rights, 59:33, 60:33, 61:4, 61:35
ICFTU, 61:5, 61:44
IFFTU, 61:4; Worker Education, 62:45
Immigration, 58:43
Inclusion, 58:8, 59:38, 60:2
Integration, 61:14, 61:17, 62:22; Berlin; 61:16; Mississippi, 61:15; Puerto Rico, 61:14
International Education, 60:1, 61:19, 61:51, 62:26
International Monetary Fund, 62:5
Israel, 59:57; History of Labor Movement, 60:41
Job Training, 60:30
Language, 61:18, 61:43
Leadership, 60:36, 61:43
Lieberman, Myron, 59:3, 59:6; Merit Pay, 59:4
Marxism, 59:65
Math and Science, 59:47, 61:11; Teacher Shortage, 59:55
Magnet Schools, 61:25
Meany, George, 61:21
Mentally Handicapped, 60:3, 62:20
Merit Pay, 58:8, 62:29
Middle East, 59:57
Migrant Workers Education, 61:13
Milwaukee Choice Program, 61:28
Minnesota Education Reform, 61:29
Minority Students, 59:38, 59:66
Multicultural Education, 59:37, 60:9
National Association of Catholic School Teachers, 61:32
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 58:45
Native Americans, 60:4, 61:13
NATO, 60:33, 61:23
NEA, 58:10, 58:29, 61:15;
Merger, 58:38
New York City, 61:48, 62:10; Central Park East Schools, 61:50
New York Commission on Human Rights, 61:14
Nuclear Arms, 61:23, 61:33
Paraprofessionals, 62:37
Parochial Schools, 58:8, 59:63
Pensions, 61:32
Per Pupil Spending, 58:8
Poland, 59:67, 62:46
Private Schools, 59:11, 61:46; Australia, 59:60
Privatization, 58:8
Public Employee Unions, 58:8, 59:69, 61:12; International, 60:34
Public Schools, 58:8, 59:11, 60:8; Choice, 58:8, 58:43, 59:37, 62:29; Finances, 58:32, 62:14, 62:43; For Profits, 61:45; Gallup Poll 1974, 1977, 59:3; Religion, 58:8, 59:10; Restructuring, 59:5, 62:11
Quality of Work, 61:52
Quotas, 58:52, 61:14
Radiation Treatments and Experiments, 60:31
Ravitch, Diane, 58:8, 58:24
Reading, 59:38
Retirement, 58:8, 58:47
Riordan, Mary Ellen, 58:15
Rochester, 58:45, 60:39
Rural Education, 61:13
SATs, 58:43
Scalia, Judge Antonin, 62:28
School Nutrition in Australia, 59:60
School Privatization, 58:8
School Violence, 62:41
Selden, David, 58:23
Sex Education, 60:28
Shanker, Albert, 58:23, 60:11; Labor Books, 58:45; on Higher Education, 61:22;
Shields, James, Jr., 62:31
Social Democrats USA, 58:45, 62:15
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksander, 62:16
Soviet Union, 59:58, 60:33, 61:20, 61:38, 62:46; Afghanistan, 60:33; Jews, 61:1
Special Education, 62:20
Standards, 59:38, 61:32, 62:1, 62:2, 62:17, 62:19
State and Local Financing, 59:62, 61:26; Northeast and Midwest, 61:34
Student Achievement, 59:11; Testing, 59:11, 62:4
Substitute Teachers, 58:41
Teacher Education, 59:49, 59:55, 62:23; Competency Based, 62:40
Teacher Salaries, 59:38, 62:23, 62:29; Australia, 59:60
Teacher Testing, 58:8, 58:26, 59:8, 59:11, 62:23
Teacher Unions, 58:9, 59:3, 60:22, 62:24; Higher Education, 59.44; International, 59:43
Teachers, 58:8, 59:55, 61:32, 61:37, 62:12, 62:23; Evaluations, 62:42; First Year Poll, 59:56
Textbooks, 59:69
Total Quality Management in Schools, 61:3
Trade Unions, 59:38, 59:64, 61:32; Democratic, 58:8; International Rights, 61:4, 61:5; Racial Issues, 59:61
Tuition Tax Credits, 58:8, 59:63, 62:28; Affects on States, 62:33; Washington DC, 62:32
United Federation of Teachers, 58:8
United States, 61:47, 62:48, Military, 61:27; Minorities, 61:35; Population, 61:39; Trade, 61:2, 61:6; School Funding, 58:8; Taxes, 61:32, 62:14
United States Foreign Policy, 58:60; American Labor Movement, 61:23
Urban Schools, 59:38, 59:71, 60:10, 61:13, 61:50; Financing, 62:38, 62:47
Urban Issues, 60:23, 62:47
Vocational Education, 59:37, 59:53, 60:30, 62:13, 62:36
Vouchers, 58:8, 58:26, 59:10, 60:25; California Prop 174, 58:8; Where We Stand, 59:48
Wages, 61:12
Walesa, Lech, 61:5
Washington Post Strike, 59:11
Weber Case, 58:34
White Flight from Cities, 62:22
Women, 60:26, 62:18; Higher Education, 59:46
Work Ethic, 61:49
Worker-Management Relations, 62:8
World Bank, 61:6, 61:19

Index Speeches and Interviews

Accountability, 63:2, 64:82, 64:87, 65:27, 65:68, 65:73, 65:84
Adult Education, 65:83, 65:86
Affirmative Action, 63:9, 63:66, 63:95, 65:74, 65:103; in Higher Education, 63:10
AFL-CIO, 63:363, 63:71, 66:48; Committee on the Future of Work, 63:89, 66:23; International Relations, 63:6, 64:51
Afrocentrism, 65:8
AFT, 63:65, 63:87, 64:17, 66:52; Associate Members, 64:25; Bill of Rights and Responsibilities, 65:48, 65:54; Communication, 65:92; Educare, 63:23; Education for Democracy, 66:18 Health Care Workers, 63:42, 64:50; Lessons for Life, 65:51, 65:54, 65:56; Policy on Public Education, 64:68
Agency Fee, 63:56
Alexander, Lamar, 66:49
American Association of University Professors, 65:81 Arkansas, 64:3
At-Risk Youth, 63:12, 63:84, 64:30, 64:49, 64:63
Authority, 65:102
Bennet, Secretary William, 64:39, 66:23
Bilingual Education, 63:5, 63:28, 63:54, 63:55, 65:73, 66:11; Lau Rules, 63:55
Boston Teachers Union Teacher Layoffs, 63:77
Bunzel, John Nomination to Commission on Civil Rights, 63:77
Bush, President George, 65:13; Education Plan, 64:66, 66:39
California Education Reform, 64:8, 64:11
California Proposition 13, 63:36, 63:41, 65:86
California School Employees Association, 66:27
Calvert-Barclay School, 65:48
Career Ladders, 64:1, 64:19, 64:89, 65:73
Carnegie Task Force on Education Report, 64:18, 64:19, 64:27, 66:12, 66:13, 66:14
Chapter I, 64:26, 64:97
Charter Schools, 65:32, 65:57
Chavez, Linda, Nomination to Commission on Civil Rights, 63:77
Chelsea School District Takeover, 64:66, 64:82, 66:26
Chicago Education System, 66:35
Child and Family Services Act of 1975, 63:17
Child Care, SEE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCAITON
Citizenship, 65:8, 65:45, 65:95
Class Size, 64:11, 64:29, 66:21
Clinton, President Bill, 65:17, 65:22, 65:27, 65:32, 65:32; Arkansas Education Reform, 63:91; Education Budget Proposal, 65:55; Rescissions, 65:42
Coleman Report, 63:60, 63:61, 63:63
Collective Bargaining, 63:40, 63:94, 63:97, 64:52, 64:53, 65:72; Gains From, 65:83, 66:52
Community Control, 63:1, 63:6, 65:60, 65:68, 65:72
Community Service, 64:64
Cooperative Learning, 64:82
Curriculum, 64:8, 64:19, 64:24, 65:13, 65:20; History, 66:18
Day Care, 65:73, 65:76, 65:80; Staff Salaries, 65:80
Decentralization, 63:9, 65:68
Democracy, 65:45
Democratic Party, 63:71, 66:27
Department of Education, 63:27, 63:31, 63:39, 65:84, 65:85, 65:88, 65:89
Destro, Robert, Nomination to Commission on Civil Rights, 63:77
Detroit Education System, 66:25
Dewey, John, 66:53
Dole, Senator Bob, 66:49
Drop Outs, 64:49
Drucker, Peter Organization Methods, 64:62
Early Childhood Education, 63:4, 63:9, 63:13, 63:15, 63:92, 64:13, 65:4, 65:73, 65:76, 65:80; Federal Funding, 64:47; Staffing, 63:15
Economy, 63:58, 63:59, 63:61, 63:66, 63:70, 63:72
Edison Project, 65:30
Education Alternatives Inc., 65:30, 65:48, 65:55, 65:58
Education Employment Programs, 63:30
Education Reform, 63:25, 63:54, 63:75, 63:86, 63:89, 63:92, 63:98, 64:3, 64:8, 64:10, 64:28, 64:61, 64:76, 64:89, 65:10, 65:50, 65:96, 65:109, 66:7, 66:10, 66:14, 66:23; Boy Scouts, 64:24, 64:34, 64:82, 64:89, 66:53; Meeting with AFT local Presidents, 64:21; National Goals, 65:4
Education, 63:23, 63:59, 63:66, 63:72, 64:28, 65:101, 66:16; Business Relationships, 63:82, 63:88, 63:90, 64:45, 64:54, 64:93; Government Programs, 66:11 Handicapped, 63:53; Reports, 63:78, 63:79, 63:88, 64:14; Research, 64:35, 64:60
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 63:26
Energy Crisis, 65:82
England Education, 64:49, 64:50
Equality, 63:32
Escalante, Jaime, 66:23
Ethnicity, 65:72
Etzioni, Amitai On citizenship, 64:12
Federal Budget, 63:8. 63:9, 63:58
Federal Funding for Education, 63:7, 63:24, 63:47, 65:72, 65:82; For Inservice Programs, 65:87
Florida Merit Schools Plan, 64:19, 64:66
Goals 2000, 65:55
Handicapped Children, 63:53
Harris, Jim Debate with Shanker, 65:71
Health Care Reform, 65:32
Hechinger, Fred, 63:90
Herndon, Terry Debate with Shanker, 65:77
Higher Education, 63:32, 63:40, 64:8, 64:17, 65:86, 66:39, 66:52; Collective Bargaining, 65:81, 66:52; Organizing, 63:35, 63:65; Teacher Education, 64:17
Hispanic Children, 63:5
History Standards, 64:33, 65:8; Paul Gagnon, 64:33; Manya Ungar, 64:33
Honig, Bill, 63:90, 64:33
Horace’s Compromise, 63:86
Human Rights, 63:6, 63:33, 64:70, 65:45
Inclusion, 63:53, 65:32
Integration, 65:60, 65:71
International Education, 64:6, 64:29, 64:62, 64:83, 65:50, 69:31
Israel Trade Union Rights in Occupied Territories, 64:56
Japan Education, 63:96, 66:23 Jobs, 65:82
Juvenile Delinquency, 63:12
Kentucky Education Reform, 64:82
Labor, 63:6, 63:56, 66:48; Law Reform, 63:25; Employees as Supervisors, 65:36 Lieberman, Myron, 63:41, 65:90
Literacy, 64:36
Math and Science Education, 64:11, 64:83
Merger, 63:9, 64:90, 65:32, 65:42, 65:71, 65:77, 65:78, 66:7; New York State, 63:3, 63:18, 66:50
Merit Pay, 64:3, 64:4, 64:53, 64:82, 65:103, 66:6, 66:16; For Schools, 64:66, 64:68, 64:97, 66:23, 66:53
Michigan Educational System, 66:47
Minority Children, 63:5,
Multiculturalism, 63:28, 64:75, 64:90, 65:8, 65:12, 65:45
Nation At Risk, 63:79
National Assessments, 64:63, 64:83, 65:13
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards, 64:32, 64:34, 64:35, 64:66, 64:93, 65:4, 66:1, 66:6, 66:24; NEA reaction, 64:34
National Council on Education Standards and Testing, 65:11
National Education Association, 63:35, 63:42, 63:54, 63:97, 65:77, 65:98, 66:4, 66:38; Testing, 64:3, 66:4, 66:6
National Teachers Exam, 63:86, 63:89, 63:93, 63:97, 63:100, 64:1, 64:4, 64:16, 64:20, 66:4; Answering Questions to AFT presidents, 64:17
New York, 63:3, 64:91, 66:20; Fiscal Crisis of 1975, 63:16, 63:20; I.S. 201, 65:60; Labor Movement, 63:36; Public Employees, 63:20
Nicaragua, 64:7
Oceanhill – Brownsville, 65:67, 65:70, 65:93, 66:29
Paraprofessionals, 63:10, 64:22, 65:61, 65:68, 65:73, 66:50; Illinois State Employees Association, 64:50
Peer Review, 63:79, 63:87, 63:100, 64:17; SEE ALSO TOLEDO PLAN
Poland, 63:67, 64:51, 65:50
Political Action, 63:50, 63:63, 63:70, 63:87, 64:11, 65:61, 65:103, 66:49
Prayer In Schools, 64:41, 66:36
Principals, 63:89, 64:54; Relationships With Unions, 64:53
Private Schools, 65:13, 65:14, 65:18, 65:107, 66:42
Privatization, 63:4, 63:41, 64:23, 65:4, 65:58, 66:11; of School Management, 65:30, 65:32, 65:42
Professionalism, 63:41, 63:94, 63:97, 69:99, 69:100, 64:1, 64:9, 64:53, 64:93, 65:10, 65:27, 66:1
Public Employees, 63:11, 63:75
Public Schools and Religion, 65:39
Public School Choice, 63:42, 63:66, 63:67, 64:4, 64:58, 64:66, 64:75, 64:93, 65:4, 65:9, 65:13, 65:68, 66:31, 66:35, 66:36, 66:42
Quotas, SEE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
Ravitch, Diane, 63:90; History Standards, 64:33
Reagan, President Ronald, 63:63, 63:67, 63:97, 65:100, 65:105; Bilingual Education, 63:55; Education Budget, 63:60, 65:104, 65:109, 66:5; Foreign Policy, 63:71, Tax Plan, 64:2, 64:5
Ryor, John, 63:29, 65:78
Sander, Dan, 66:50
Sarducci, Father Guido, the One-Day University, 64:32
Saturn School Project, 64:11, 65:8, 69:30
Saturn Automobile, 64:29
School Boards, 63:13, 63:100, 64:38, 64:53, 65:60, 66:33
School Budgets, 63:9
School Restructuring, 64:34, 64:38, 64:49, 64:62, 64:65, 64:82, 64:87, 64:89, 66:8, 66:14, 66:21, 66:24, 66:32; Minorities, 64:70; Schools Within Schools, 64:43, 64:76
School Safety, 65:32, 65:51, 65:84, 65:95, 65:99; Arbitration For Kids, 65:37, 65:42; Zero Tolerance, 65:34
School To Work Programs, 64:66
School Year, 63:100, 64:35, 66:7
Schools, 63:13, 64:87, 65:74, 65:91, 66:21, 66:22; Standard Measurements SEE National Assessments
Simons, William, 65:93
SEIU, 63:56
Shanker, Albert bio, 65:72, 65:74, 66:20, 66:45, 66:52, 66:53; Depression, 66:45; Education, 66:53 Enjoy What I Am Doing, 65:101; Jailing, 65:72, 66:16; Moving To Mamaroneck, 65:79, 65:102; Socialist, 66:42
Sizer, Theodore, 63:89, 6:18, 64:87
Social Promotion, 65:47, 65:95
Social Security, 63:20
South East Asia Refugee Camps, 63:33
Standardized Testing, 63:32, 63:38, 63:69, 64:6, 64:71, 64:77, 65:53, 65:78, 65:95, 65:105, 66:4. 66:14
Stang, Allen, 63:17
State University of New York, 63:35
Student Achievement, 63:1, 65:38, 66:43
Student Discipline, 63:62, 63:66, 63:69, 63:84, 64:6, 64:34, 65:84, 65:99, 65:103, 65:106
Student Enrollment, 63:72
Student Incentives, 64:66, 64:75, 64:82, 64:91, 64:93, 64:97
Student Testing, 63:29, 63:37, 63:38, 63:41, 63:45, 63:86, 64:29, 64:37, 64:41, 65:86; Minorities, 63:100
Superintendents Relations With Unions, 64:53
Sweeney, John Getting Elected President of AFL-CIO, 66:48
Tax Revolts, 63:41, 63:54
Teach for America, 64:93
Teacher Centers, 63:41, 65:87
Teacher Education, 63:9, 63:23, 64:17, 64:82, 65:108
Teacher Peer Evaluations; SEE TOLEDO PLAN
Teacher Retention, 63:89, 64:24, 64:32, 65:97, 65:103
Teacher Salaries, 63:79, 63:80, 64:3, 64:11, 64:29, 64:35, 65:97, 65:99,65:103, 65:108, 66:1, 66:5
Teacher Seniority, 63:5
Teacher Shortage, 63:78, 63:79, 63:80, 63:87, 64:9, 64:11, 64:20, 64:24, 64:39, 64:94, 66:15
Teacher Testing, 63:29, 63:37, 63:57, 63:91, 63:97, 64:16, 64:20, 64:24, 65:90, 65:106, 66:3, 66:4, 66:5, 66:9; SEE ALSO NATIONAL TEACHERS EXAM
Teacher Training, 63:1, 63:13, 63:75, 65:38, 65:87
Teacher Unions, 63:47, 63:87, 65:19, 65:50, 65:75, 65:77, 65:93, 66:8, 66:36; Ex- Teacher Union, 64:32; Reform, 64:52; Strikes, 64:35, 65:74, 65:78, 65:94, 66:52 Teachers, 63:23, 63:69, 63:78, 63:81, 64:29, 64:75, 64:76, 64:82, 64:94, 65:100, 65:101, 65:108, 66:12, 66:33, 66:37; Florida, 65:98
Teaching Out of License, 64:3
Technology, 64:32, 64:59, 64:82, 64:93, 69:30
Tennessee Master Teacher Plan, 63:78
Tenure, 63:89, 64:8, 65:68
Textbooks, 63:98, 64:6, 64:41, 65:60; Censorship, 64:41
Thernstrom, Abigail, 65:8
Title I, 63:55
Toledo Plan, 63:79, 63:87, 63:89, 63:100, 64:66, 66:1
Tuition Tax Credits, 63:36, 63:63, 63:64, 63:66, 63:69, 63:70, 63:81, 63:96, 65:86, 65:100, 65:107, 66:34; Moynihan, 65:105; Supreme Court Decision, 63:78
Unemployment, 63:9, 63:19; Education, 63:30
United Federation of Teachers, 63:5, 64:82, 65:93, 66:52, History, 66:2, 66:53; Gain of Collective Bargaining, 64:17, 65:60; More Effective Schools, 65:60; Organizing Paraprofessionals, 65:61; Welfare Fund, 65:70
Urban Education Conference, 63:69
Urban Issues, 63:51
Urban Schools, 63:100
Vouchers, 63:2, 63:42, 63:54, 63:72, 64:10, 64:11, 64:23, 65:9, 65:15, 65:72, 66:49; Milwaukee, 65:4
West German Education, 64:49, 64:82, 66:23; Holweide School, 64:71
Where We Stand, 66:53
Workers, 63:6
Yeshiva, 63:54
Youth Employment, 63:46, 63:48, 63:52, 64:66, 65:90

Index Subjects Abbreviations used for this index: AAUP – American Association of University Professors ACEDAS – Advisory Committee on European Democracy and Security IFFTU – International Federation of Free Trade Unions NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement NASUWT - National Association of NBPTS - National Board for Professional Teaching Standards NUT - National Union of Teachers ORIT – Organization of Regional Inter-American Workers. Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers

AAUP, 3:12, 5:4; Affirmative Action, 66:64; AFL-CIO Teach-Ins, 34:13; Collective Bargaining, 67:2; University of Bridgeport Strike, 41:2
Abortion, 77:4
Academic Freedom, 41:2, 94:48; International Universities, 51:20
ACDAS, 89:5
Affiliations, 35:19, 36:5; Health Care, 36:24; Higher Education, 7:12, 7:33, 36:28, 56:54, 67:2; Public Employees, 29:22, 29:23; State Employees, 38:14, 56:53, 56:56
Affirmative Action, 4:15, 8:16, 9:15, 9:32, 31:8, 35:21, 36:22, 38:4, 41:12, 47:23; California Community Colleges, 66:64; Correspondence with Secretary Califano, 48:16; NEA, 55:41
Afghanistan, 87:6
AFL-CIO, 2:14, 6:14, 37:23, 79:33; Article XX reform, 38:6; Black Voter Participation, 92:24; Child Care, 74:26; Department for Professional Employees, 2:14, 6:3; Evolution of Work, 13:4; Full Participation Conference, 31:8; Houston Organizing Project, 33:14; Industrial Union Department, 7:7, 36:30, 37:15; International Affairs, 33:9, 35:22, 38:2, 38:16, 78:42; LaborNet, 34:10; Lawyers Coordinating Committee, 2:20, 3:3; Massillon Doctrine, 35:26; Merger Committee, 37:1; New Voices, 33:15; Pacific Affairs, 34:19; Pride at Work, 34:13; Political Platform, 31:17, 49:8; Public Employee Department, 1:23, 2:6, 4:17, 7:7, 34:69; Public Opinion of, 33:17; Unions and Future Statement, 41:28
Africa, 1:3, 37:1, 95:20; Human Rights, 51:14
AFSCME, 2:6, 2:8, 5:4, 7:1, 7:6, 7:33, 33:9, 33:20, 56:53
AFT, 8:4, 11:36-11:38, 12:1, 37:2, 38:17, 90:13; anti-NEA, 47:12; Associate Members, 13:4, 38:2; Arbitration of Locals, 66:77; Bill of Rights, 42:27, 72:31, 80:18; Black Caucus, 2:6, 9:27, 9:53; Budget, 2:2, 2:13, 4:2, 7:26, 9:1; COPE, 1:25, 1:26; Editorial, 7:6; Education Issues, 2:4, 3:26, 5:21, 11:30, 12:26, 12:33; ER&D Program, 38:10, 56:29, 67:7, 67:15; Education Foundation, 3:20, 7:19, 53:1, 53:3, 76:10; Future of Education, 3:17, 4:18, 12:34-12:41, 37:17; Futures Committee, 39:6; Gay Issues, 38:13; Higher Education, 3:11-3:12, 5:9, 41.1; History, 2:10, 2:17, 92:40, International, 1:12, 2:2-2:3, 7:19, 36:24, 49:42, 54:14, 76:10; Merger Policies, 55:16; National Health and Welfare Trust, 3:2, 3:6; Legislative, 5:21, 38:11; Organization of 1:21, 1:23, 1:26, 2:1-2:2, 2:4, 2:7, 2:11, 2:13, 2:15, 3:13, 3:22, 5:9, 9:45, 11:35, 12:16; Organizing, 4:1, 6:22, 37:16, 37:23, 39:3; Polish Workers Aid Fund, 52:44; Research, 7:36, 39:1; Retirees, 2:7, 2:17, 3:22, 8:7, 9:5, 12:13; Rights and Responsibilities for Learning, 42:27, 72:31, 80:18, 90:28; Russian Project, 53:9; Staff, 2:6-2:7, 3:22, 4:11, 4:24, 12:20, 37:8, 79:6; State Federations, 9:17, 33:20; Teacher Recruitment Project, 67:7; Travel, 3:8, 3:9; Union Leadership Institute, 4:24, 12:8; Union Pension, 34:10
Agency Fee, 3:21, 32:14
Agency Shop, 3:1, 52:44, 55:32; NEA, 3:6, 3:22
AIDS, 8:14, 38:1, 38:6, 38:8, 38:14, 80:39, 82:11
Albuquerque Federation of Teachers, 7:33, 8:3, 37:8
Alexander, Lamar, 3:26, 9:14, 10:31
American Association of University Women, 5:2
American Broadcast Corporation, 1:17; Complaint, 47:24, 67:5
American Center for International Labor Solidarity, 32:30
American Federation of School Administrators, 3:2
American Indian Education, 91:13
American Institute for Free Labor Development, 8:5, 38:4, 44:35; El Salvador Land Reform, 52:13
American Teacher, 7:4
Americans for Democratic Action, 47:8
Anti-Semitism, 39:3, 53:18, 55:12, 72:6, 72:7; Ocean Hill – Brownsville poem, 93:12
Apple Computer, 38:16
Arkansas, 8:15; Creationism Decision, 82:3
Art Education, 41:14, 66:59, 79:25, 81:23; Nation At Risk, 47:13; Standards, 81:6
Asbestos, 5:13, 8:4, 31:16, 36:2
Asia, 1:12; Teacher Unions, 9:29
Asner, Edward, 34:63
Assessments – SEE STUDENT TESTING
Associated Organizations for Teacher Education, 6:3
Association of Pennsylvania State College and University Faculties, 44:13
Atlanta Federal Penitentiary Branch of the NAACP, 82:13
Atlanta Federation of Teachers, 6:5
At-Risk Youth, 1:15, 2:12, 3:25, 8:16, 9:22, 9:55, 13:5, 38:6, 38:15, 71:27, 71:28, 92:39; Clemson University, 86:32; NGA Standards, 88:1; Testimony, 46:18
Australia, Education, 53:22; Unionism, 53:22, 53:24
Bakke Case, 31.8, 41:22; Correspondence to Walter Mondale, 49:6
Baltimore Teachers Union, 3:1
Bates, Paul, 4:1
Bayh, Birch, 10:11
Bell, Terrel, 10:25, 37:16
Bennett, William, 5:28, 37:18, 80:38, 90:12
Berry, Mary, 48:18; Speech on Civil Rights and China, 46:13, 48:16, 48:17
Bikel, Theodore, 31:16
Bilingual Education, 1:17, 2:18, 4:18, 8:4, 9:14, 36:23, 36:28, 36:30, 37:22, 42:35, 48:16, 70:7; Texas Case, 94:14
Biden, Senator Joseph, 37:11, 37:13
Black English, 9:25, 11:28
Block Grants, 2:10, 32:1, 37:1
Bosnia-Herzegovina, 43:25
Boston Teachers Union, 2:19, 7:11, 32:33, 37:4, 74:14 Boston University, 2:19-2:20
Bowen v. Roy Case of Church State Relations, 67:19
Boy Scouts Labor Merit Badge, 38:6
Boyer, Ernest, 2:1, 5:19, 10:14, 38:13, 48:18, 66:76, 68:35, 68:43; On Morality, 68:43
Bratton v. City of Detroit, 3:4
Brazil, 1:6
Breast Cancer, 48:25, 85:19
British Columbia, 51:41
Bronson v. Board of Education, 2:19
Broward Teachers Union, 4:20, 37:22
Brown, Irving, 8:4, 31.7, 32:12, 78:42
Buffalo Teachers Federation, 3:3-3:4
Bukovsky, Vladimir, 10:25
Bush, George, 9:15; Budget, 1:24; Education, 38:22, 47:19, 78:4
Bussing, 3:27, 36:30, 74:14, 78:38
Cable Television, 2:11
Califano, Joseph, 10:16
California Faculty Association, 3:3
California Federation of Teachers, 2:7
California, 3:7, 4:3, 4:5, 8:4, 32:19, 41:13, 68:22, 68:25; Collective Bargaining Poll, 78:12; Commission on the Teaching Profession, 8:11, 37:20, 56:23; Creationism, 90:12 Higher Education Seniority, 77:31; Learning Assessment System, 41:19, Proposition 13, 3:11, 9:16, 33:25, 36:27, 75:1, 91:1
Calvert-Barclay School, 4:4, 43:2, 68:32
Cambodia, 49:37
Cameroon, 51:14
Canada, 37:8, 51:42, 95:3; Education, 85:37; Public Employees, 51:42, 52.1
Caribbean, 30:27, 30:30
Carnegie Forum on Teaching as a Profession, 37:23, 37:25, 68:44; AFT support, 68:46
Carter, Jimmy, 1:23, 1:25, 1:26, 2:1, 10:21, 34:8, 50:2, 89:30; Civil Rights, 80:2; Economy, 72:13; Education Policy, 48:1; Middle East Policy, 70:34; Windfall Tax, 71:4
Caterpillar Strike, 36:9
Center for International Private Enterprise, 87:10
Center For Public Integrity, 1:26
Center on National Education Policy, 2:14
Central America, 30:29-30:30, 32:27, 37:17, 37:23, 38:6, 38:16, 87:6, 95:20; April Mobilization, 46:30; Global Education Center, 43:1; Peace Plan, 52:11
Central Intelligence Agency, 32:37
Channel One, 38:19
Chapter I, 3:21, 4:3, 11:23, 12:17, 67:5, 71:18, 81:20, 92:21
Charter Schools, 4:4, 9:17, 38:13, 39:10, 43:2, 49:32, 68:2, 69:24, 74:23, 90:23; Colorado, 71:16; Connecticut, 73:20; Michigan, 80:40; Philadelphia, 90:25
Chavez, Linda, 80:21; Nomination to Commission on Civil Rights, 46:13; Cultural Diversity, 74:1
Chelsea, Massachusetts, 2:22, 9:15, 35:48, 38:14, 38:17, 38:18
Cherne, Leo, 10:15, 78:45
Chicago Principals Association, 35:6
Chicago Teachers Union, 4:3, 4:10, 4:19, 80:19
Chicago, 5:28; Education Reform, 79:18, 90:18, 90:19; School Study, 94:1
Child Abuse, 2:4
Child and Family Service Act, 7:6
Child Care, 3:26-3:27, 5:23, 31:13, 38:13, 70:14, 70:16, 70:17, 70:19, 73:10, 73:11, 73:12, 93:22; Federal Standards Complaint, 48:25; NEA and AFT Support Letter, 46:32
Chile, 8:16, 11:2, 38:4, 38:13, 95:15; Election Observation, 38:14, 52:21
China, 7:21, 8:25, 34:14, 46:13, 48:16
Chisholm, Shirley, 10:18
Choice, 1:5, 9:12, 9:14, 9:60, 38:4, 38:13, 39:8, 41:21, 43:18, 44:29, 73:31, 80:21, 91:14; Milwaukee, 81:11
Cincinnati Federation of Teachers, 2:19, 6:10, 35:29, 70:26, 83:7; Student Discipline, 93:9
Citizens for Tax Justice, 4:17
Citizenship, 41:21, 69:19; Curriculum, 72:9
Civil Education, 72:30
Civil Rights, 37:11, 72:6, 72:7, 79:22, 80:4
Clark, Joe, 38:8
Clark, Kenneth, 7:21
Class Size, 76:5
Classified Municipal Employees Union Baltimore, 29:22, 29:23
Cleveland School Reform, 77:25
Clinton, President William, 2:19, 8:15, 9:15, 38:6, 74:31; Health Care Plan, 93:3 Coalition for America’s Children, 5:28
Coalition of Essential Schools, 38:6
Coalition of Labor Union Women, 2:14, 7:6, 13:1, 86.7
Code of Ethics, 3:23, 4:4
Coleman Report on Public and Private Schools, 66:85, 71:10
Collective Bargaining, 4:4, 4:9, 6:3, 6:14, 7:21, 7:31, 33:22, 37:2, 41:50, 42:31, 42:24, 89:25, 92:21; Brevard Florida, 1:10; Health Care, 5:12; Higher Education, 3:11, 11:27, 43:17; Effects on Governance in Higher Education, 43:40
Committee for Economic Development, 38:11 Committee in Support of Solidarity, 52:44. 52:45, 53:1 Communication Workers of America, 2:6; Beck, 3:1 Communism, 32:26, 39:3, 67:17, 95:41
Community Control, 42:24, 78:10
Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 3:1
Competitiveness Policy Council, 4:3, 46:34
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, 5:22, 9:16, 36:20, 36:24; NEA Statement, 55:32; Youth Employment Bill, 46:17
CompuServe, 2:5
Concord Review, 39:11, 80:19
Connecticut Education Association, 34:20
Connecticut, 2:19, 5:28, 39:11, 72:16; Education Reform, 95:5; Health Care Employees, 2:6; State Employees, 2:6, 36:21, 36:22, 73:20
Confederation of Educators of America, 55:10
Consumer Issues, 46:5
Continuing Education, 1:22
Coors, 34:51, 35:31
Copernican Plan, 3:25
Correctional Employees, 29:39
Council of Chief State School Officers, 7:1, 9:27, 81:19
Creedon, John, 10:31
Crime, 32:31
Critical Thinking, 4:19
Cuba, 10:15, 32:8; Professors Imprisoned, 43:26, 43:38, 52:10
Cuomo, Mario, 5:20
Curriculum, 1:5, 9:12-9:13, 38:7, 38:12, 67:44, 72:24, 94:16; California, 68:31; Censorship, 67:3, 68:24, 86:35, 90:14, 94:16; Core Based, 72:22, 90:14, 90:21; Early Grades, 89:24; England, 52:26; Global Studies, 77:29; Minority Inclusion, 43:22, 91:12, 94:17; Non-Violence Teachings, 79:29, 94:17; Science, 77:20; Vietnam, 89:20; Women Studies, 41:2, 94:17; World War II, 47:6
CWA v. Beck, 2:20
Czechoslovakia, 1:12, 9:15, 73:7; Charter 77, 71:22
Dade County Public Schools, 9:58, 38:17; South Pointe Elementary School, 73:23
Dade Teachers Association, 55:37, 55:39, 79:32
Dallas Board of Education Special Education Plan, 95:13
Dallas Federation of Teachers, 6:18
Day Care – SEE CHILD CARE, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
De Klerk, Fredrik Willem, 51:20
Dearborn, 37:17
Decatur Strike, 36:9
Decentralization, 7:1
Democracy Program, 2:3, 87:3
Democratic Party, 1:24-1:26, 3:17, 9:14, 35:25; Platform With AFL-CIO, 49:8; Survey of Political Climate 1982, 47:9 47:7; Urban Policy 1975, 47:7
Democratic Socialists Organizing Committee, 2:14, 31:5, 32:32 Department of Education, 1:17, 1:23, 1:26, 3:10, 32:2, 32:3, 32:31, 36:3, 36:21, 36:23; Against Creation of, 46:15, 46:16, 47:12, 55:33; William Raspberry Comments Against, 47:12
Desegregation, 4:15, 7:22, 31:8, 75:2, 88:9; Kansas City, 1:7; Massachusetts, 47:13; Oklahoma City, 3:21
Detroit Federation of Teachers, 2:10, 33:26, 39:1; Agency Shop, 55:32
Detroit Newspaper Strike, 33:8, 35:41
Detroit, 10:20
Devlin v. Boston University, 2:19
Differentiated Staffing, 7:1
Diploma Mills, 43:3
Disadvantaged Students, 81:13, 81:14, 81:18, 89:11, 91:12
Discipline: 1:6, 1:8, 2:19, 2:20, 74:17, 90:28, 91:4, 93:38
Discrimination, 7:21, 8:16, 38:1, 68:3; Canada, 51:42, 52:5; IRS Rulings, 48:27; International, 53:18, 72:6, 72:7
Dissidents, 8:25, 12:2, 12:48
Distance Learning, 46:12, 75:25
Distinguished Teacher Fellowship Program, 3:25
District of Columbia Education, 95:27
Donahue, Thomas, 10:25
Drop-Outs, (see At-Risk)
Drucker, Peter, 3:12, 80:5
Drugs, 4:9, 9:16; Testing, 56:59
Due Process, 91:2
Dunlop Commission, 46:14 SEE ALSO Worker-Management Relations Commission
Early Childhood Education, 1:15, 1:25, 3:26, 10:11, 34:10, 38:13, 43:49, 68:36, 70:16, 70:17, 70:19, 86:12, 93:22; AFT Action, 74:24, 74:25; Educare, 74:25, 74:37; Public Schools, 89:37; Teacher Training, 41:8; School Officers Statement, 70:10 Study, 41:55
Eastern Airlines Strike, 35:22, 38:15
Eastern Europe, 70:30
Ebonics, 9:25
Edelman, Marian Wright, 11:1
Edison Schools, 4:12, 9:12, 9:15; Dade County, 74:34 EDSAT Institute, 74:23
Education Alternatives Inc, 2:4, 4:9, 12:14, 41:9, 74:18, 90:6; Baltimore, 74:38
Education and Science Employees Union of Russia, 53:31
Education Commission on the States, 4:4
Education for Democracy, 2:5, 4:20, 4:22, 38:19, 38:22, 39:6, 87:15, 88:20; Mario Cuomo Response, 89:24; Nicaragua, 66:66; Teaching for Democracy in Poland, 90:14
Education History, 44:48
Education International, 1:13, 52:5
Education Reform, 1:15 1:17, 2:3, 2:12, 3:17, 4:3, 5:8, 7:19, 8:3, 8:12, 9:14, 9:51, 11:20, 37:8, 39:8, 43:37, 49:13, 50:8, 66:76, 71:26, 72:33, 72:36, 75:5, 75:22, 78:26, 88:2, 90:7, 90:15, 90:35; AFT meetings, 12:26, 12:27; AFT v. NEA Responses, 56:7; Alternative schools, 4:9, 9:14; Boston, 80:22; Georgia, 75:15; Indiana, 66:73; International, 52:27, 52:28, 53:22, 53:24; Kentucky, 56:28; Next Century Schools, 92:37; Research, 74:33, 89:39, 95:24; South Carolina, 75:15; Teaching, 44:40, 71:26, 75:18; Unions, 41:10
Education, 1:23, 4:24, 38:19, 44:18, 49:42, 78:37, 79:28, 93:7; AFT Positions, 5:9; Business Relationships, 2:12, 9:12-9:13, 12:49, 37:25, 38:11, 71:25, 71:26, 71:27, 71:30, 78:33, 78:34, 78:41, 80:20, 90:37; Finance, 74:41, 79:4, 88:5, 89:37; Global Education Centers, 38:16; Quotes about, 95:31; Sarason, 42:30; Schaefer, 42:30
El Salvador, 1:12, 1:26, 8:4, 30:27, 30.28, 32:32, 35:22; AFL-CIO Report, 52:16; FBI Probe, 48:32
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 48:16, 82:1, 89:37
Employment, 96.11, 96:12, 96:14; Involvement, 2:4, 4:12; Security, 96:11, 96:12; Training, 9:13, 32:18, 73:1
Energy, 1:23, 2:2, 5:22, 35:22
England, 38:2; Poll Tax, 52:26
Engler, Governor John, 56:31
Environment, 92:38
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2:1, 3:6; Title VII, 47:23 Equal Rights Amendment, 34:67
Escalante, Jaime, 77:9
Ethiopian Teachers Association, 51:14
Evolution, 38:2
Exxon, 2:12
Federal Aid to Education, 3:27, 5:21, 37:4, 37:5, 51:2, 89:10
Federal Budget, 33:7, 46:32, 69:30, 95:24; Anti-Inflation, 47:2, 50:2; Balance Budget, 46:9, 69:30; Capital Gains, 46:31
Federacion de Maestros de Puerto Rico, 39:3
Federation Education Nationale, 36:24, 37:21, 38:2, 38:13; Communists, 52:33
Federation of Catholic Teachers, 3:3-3:4
Federation of Nurses and Health Professionals, 2:11, 3:20, 4:22, 9:46, 36:28; Continuing Education, 5:12, 7:11, 36:28; Milwaukee, 7:15, 36:24; New Jersey, 7:15; New York State, 5:13
Feldman, Sandra, 8:16, 78:42; Haiti, 92:24
Ferraro, Geraldine, 10:31
Finn, Chester, 4:23, 41:17, 44:30, 47:14, 66:73, 75:22; Education Watch, 79:18
Fire Fighters, International Association, 34.2
Florida, 2:7, 4:1, 4:24
Florida State University Survey of Staff, 41:40
Food Stamps, 5:21, 34:67
For Profit Schools, 2:4, 9:14, 66:72, 93:35
Ford, Gerald, 1:25; Education, 49:41
France, 33:11
Fraser, Douglas, 36:9
Freedman, Rita, 92:24
Freedom House, 1:18, 38:4, 52:13
Free Trade Union Institute, 87:5, 87:6
Future Educators of America, 9:58
Gallup Poll on Public Schools, 8:4, 79:28, 85:18, 90:22 Gay Issues, 36:20, 56:1, 77:23, 87:19
Gardner, John, 11:19
Georgia School Reform, 77:26, 78:1
Germany, 37:3, 52:34; Education, 43:6, 52:34; Teachers Union, 9:33, 77:27
Gershman, Carl, 7:21
Ginzburg, Alexander, 10:18
Glazer, Nathan, 5:20, 39:10
Glenn, John, 1:24
Goals 2000, 9:17, 47:15, 90:21, 90:23
Governor’s Commission on School Performance, 38:20, 78:4, 80:28
Grade Inflation, 1:8
Graduate Student Unions, 41:18
Grant, Gerald, 43:43
Grape Boycott, 36:12
Grenada, 30.28, 71:9
Greyhound Bus Line, 34:68
Girffiths, Dan, 38:1
Gulf War, 1:13, 5:22
Haiti, 38:6, 52:9, 90:3
Hammond, Linda Darling, 38:9, 43:21; Accountability, 66:56, 92:21
Handicap, 1:23, 2:1, 3:26, 5:22, 35:16, 72:28; AFT Policy on Mentally Handicap, 49:27
Hart, Gary, 35:25
Hatch Act, 33:24
Havel, Vaclav, 44:18
Hawkins, Augustus, 10:12
Head Start, 33:9
Health Care, 5:14, 5:17, 6:3, 9:46, 12:4, 34:10, 47:1, 69:31, 72:32; Canada, 78:14; Education, 78:35; National Insurance, 72:2, 88:11; West German System, 42:16
Health Maintenance Organizations, 33:11
Helsinki Final Act, 10:30, 71:21, 71:22
Hepatitis B, 38:8
Heritage Foundation, 89:6
Higgens, George, Msgr., 8:11, 37:16, 44:41, 85:20, 86:9
Higher Education, 2:10, 2:11, 3:12, 5:4, 9:15, 51:9, 67:9, 67:10, 67:34, 68:14, 86:34, 89:31, 90:20, 94:18, 95:3, 96:8; Budgets, 1:22, 5:4; California Community Colleges, 68:25; Conditions, 41:26; Labor Relations, 44:13; Math and Science, 80:25; Merit Pay, 44:32; Minority Students, 91:12; Student Achievement, 5:4; Pell Grant, 9:48; Personal Records in California, 41:22; Reauthorization Act, 1:22, 3:11, 5:22, 9:48, 46:19; Retirement, 11:27, 37:15, 41:2, 71:19; Tuition Costs, 67:1, 74:41, 78:7, 85:31; Women, 67:40
Hill, Joe, 79:6
Hillsborough Community College, 56:7
Hirsch, E.D. Jr., 72:24
Hirschman Theory, 52:34
Hispanics, 9:49
Hobart, Thomas, 34:4
Home Schooling, 1:8
Honig, William, 3:10, 68:26, 73:18, 93:4
Hook, Sidney, 5:19, 48:16, 81:3
Hooks, Benjamin, 10:16, 10:21
Hortonville Strike, 7:6
Houston School District Learned Center School, 74:9
Hufstedler, Secretary Shirley M., 47:16; Testimony to Education Commission of the States, 47:12
Human Rights, 12:2, 51:40, 53:8, 54:15, 55:10, 55:12, 67:30, 70:34, 71:22, 71:23, 73:4, 89:35, 95:9; South Africa, 51:20; China, 51:24; Lithuania, 71:6; Out Of Silence, 89:35
Hume, John, 55:10
Humphrey-Hawkins Bill on Full Employment, 77:8
Hungry, 1:12; Democratic Union of Scientific Workers, 52:40
Hunt, James B, Jr., Governor, 43:48, 82:22
IBM, 3:16, 38:14
ICFTU, 52:15; Economic Review, 54:2; Otto Kersten, 54:1
IFFTU, 1:12, 2:2, 9:29, 10:17, 30:25, 30:26, 36:24, 38:14; Human Rights, 49:37, 54:15, 54:17; Inclusion of Asian Communists Teacher Unions, 51:30; Merger with WCOTP, 52:29; Presidency, 52:33, 52:36; Women Reproductive Rights, 52:42
Illinois Accountability Plan, 69:15
Illinois Federation of Teachers, 2:6, 4:19, 37:16, 38:14
Immigration, 4:18, 9:15, 31:19, 31:23, 31:24, 33:7, 34:66, 35:27
Inclusion, 5:9, 41:52, 43:49, 67:44; Baltimore, 73:30
India, 31:2
Indiana State Employees Association, 2:16, 5:17; Coalition Agreement, 39:3 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 78:23
Infant Mortality, 9:14, 89:14
Information Superhighway, SEE Technology
Infrastructure, 38:15
Inside Your Schools, 4:10-4:11, 7:33
International Issues, 8:5, 8:25, 32:10, 32:11, 32:12, 32:32, 37:23, 38:2, 87:7; Education, 52:2, 52:26, 78:43, 82:9
International Labor Organization, 2:3, 32:26
International Teachers, 6:3, 36:24, 38:13, 70:11, 90:1; Unions, 55:9
Iran, 9:16, 31:2, 32:28; Hostages, 36:25
Iraq Adult Education, 95:12
Israel, 7:31, 49:9, 90:33; Education, 53:16, 53:17, 92:20; Palestinian Conflict, 53:17
Italy, 89:5
J.P. Stevens, 32:19, 36:6, 77:6
Jamaica, 87:3
Japan, 9:15, 79:9; Education, 41:5, 43:6, 92:20; Teachers Union, 9:29, 32:28, 36:31, 79:9; Shimoda Conference, 79:8 Trade, 48:30
Jarvis, Howard, 34:54 SEE ALSO – California; Proposition 13
Job Equity, 1:23
Jobs with Justice, 33:15
Jordan, Vernon, 31:8
Jurisdiction of Private Secondary and Elementary Schools, 73:14
Kaiser Permanente, 34:13
Kansas City Desegregation Case, 41:18
Kemble, Eugenia, 74:7, 90:23
Kemble, Penn, 49:43
Kennedy, Senator Edward, 10:21, 36:18, 36:27, 37:13, 48:33
Kentucky Education Reform, 79:27, 89:33
Kentucky State Employee Organizing Campaign, 2:8, 2:16
Kenya, 30:25
King, Martin Luther; Holiday, 4:15, 37:11, 79:29
Kirkland, Lane, 1:18, 7:22, 8:4, 10:21, 87:2
Kissinger, Henry A., 31:18; Commission Report, 38:16
Koch, Edward Honorable, 38:13, 89:24
Kolderie, Ted, 43:2, 68:32
Korea, 38:20; Organizing Teachers’ Union, 51:31
Labor and Higher Education Council, 32:34
Labor Art, 79:34, 79:35
Labor Council for Latin American Advancement, 46:13
Labor Education, 31:26, 32:1
Labor History Video Made in the USA, 91:10; Complaint, 91:9
Labor Institute for Human Enrichment, 31:14, 31:15
Labor Law, 82:7, 86:13
Labor Management Cooperation, 49:5; Kaiser Permanente, 79:20
Labor Party, 77:19
Labour Committee for Transatlantic Understanding, 89:5
Language Education, 36:23
LaRouche, Lyndon, 8:5
Latin America, 9:15, 44:46; Teachers Unions, 9:29
Lawrence, Dal, 1:21
Leave Time, 39:11
Lessons For Life Campaign, 9:18, 13:5; SEE ALSO AFT; Bill of Rights and AFT; Rights and Responsibilities for Learning
Levine, Marsha, 75:33
Liberia, 51:14
Lieberman, Myron, 7:21, 7:31, 43:17, 44:7, 56:7
Ligtenberg, John, 48:1
Literacy, 44:31, 47:16, 80:6, 90:29, 90:30, 92:26, 95:22, 95:23; Teens, 44:6
Loewenthal, Alfred, 7:6, 43:12
Longevity, 4:17; Pay, 1:19
Los Angeles, 55:10, 56:23
Lovestone, Jay, 32:28
Maine State Employees Association, 38:11 Mann, Horance, 74:13
Marburger, Carl, 3:27
Marland, Sidney, 7:2
Marshall, Ray, 10:14, 49:2
Massachusetts Federation of Teachers, 2:10, 9:15
Master Teacher, 47:13, 79:32, 95:3, 95:14; Tennessee, 80:24
Math and Science, 1:5, 1:15, 1:21, 7:1, 7:32, 12:10-12:11, 38:2, 38:18, 38:19, 41:15, 42:25, 66:54, 68:38, 71:24, 78:34, 80:6, 80:26, 89:91; Certify Retiring Executives and Military Personnel, 87:18; Chicago Academy, 47:22; Curriculum, 77:20; England, 52:26, 52:30; High School Summer Institute, 43:30; NAEP Report, 81:26; New York, 74:2; Oklahoma Federation of Teachers, 86:27; Standards, 88:22, 89:3; Women, 43:11
May, Jeff, 38:1
McElroy, Edward, 1:25, 3:26; as AFT Secretary-Treasurer, 2:13
Meany, George, 7:7, 7:21, 10:16, 11:11, 31:8, 33:26; ERA, 31:9, 33:9; ILO, 55:9; On Education, 33:9
Meet The Press, 8:5, 80:32
Mentors, 1:19, 35:7, 41:2, 89:4
Merger, 7:4, 8:25, 37:1, 37:2, 56:15; Alabama, 5:17; California, 2:6-2:7, 38:2, 38:6; Duval, 56:26 Flint, 7:4, 9:51; Florida, 1:9, 2:6, 7:4; IFFTU/WCOTP, 1:22, 55:8; Minnesota, 2:6-2:8; NYSUT, 55:25, 55:26; New Jersey, 56:36; San Francisco, 7:21, 38:14; United University Professions, 67:2; Wisconsin, 2:16, 38:2, 39:1, 55:16, 56:49
Merit Pay, 8:5, 9:14, 37:11, 37:12, 37:24, 38:12, 38:13, 38:20, 42:46, 72:18, 72:19, 78:27, 95:3; Fairfax County, 76:4; Florida, 80:35; Government Task Force, 49:7; Higher Education, 44:32; Virginia, 78:9, 80:35
Merit Rating, 2:17, 37:25
Merrow, John, 39:2, 44:45, 80:6; Interviews, 44:42, 44:45
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Teachers Poll, 8:11
Metzenbaum, Senator Howard, 37:11
Mexico; Trade, 48:30
Meyer, Heinz-Dieter, 52:34
Michigan, 1:26, 7:33, 9:25, 9:51; Education Reform, 80:40
Middle East, 95:6
Middle East Trade Unions, 79:12
Milk, Harvey School, 4:24
Miller, Bruce, 43:27, 47:23
Minimum Wage, 71:1
Minnesota Improved Learning, 46:26
Minnesota Federation of Teachers, 2:6, 2:7, 2:8
Minnesota Teachers Association, 56:3
Minority Scholarships, 39:5
Mondale, Vice President Walter F, 2:7, 8:4, 10:18, 37:12, 37:13
Mueller v. Allen, 49:38, 66:85, 67:19
Montessori School, 74:5
Multicultural Education: 1:4, 4:20, 9:12, 37:22, 90:7, 94:17, 94:18,
Murphy, Marjorie, 44:17
Music Education, 39:5
NAFTA, 9:47, 34:9, 35:27, 35:33, 46:35, 89:30
NASUWT, 9:56
Nation At Risk, 4:3; Art Education, 47:13
National Academy of Education, 93:28
National Assessment Governing Board, 5:8, 81:35; Historical Origins, 81:27
National Assessment of Educational Progress, 41:18, 47:21, 70:8, 76:3, 81:24, 81:25 National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 4:4, 38:6, 38:12, 56:5, 68:42, 69:1, 69:2, 69:3, 74:29, 88:19; NEA Reaction, 69:1, 82:24; University of Georgia, 83:7
National Budget Coalition, 33:7
National Coalition to Save Public Education, 2:10, 9:16, 37:5
National Committee for Tax Reform, 33:25
National Commission on Excellence in Education, 38:1
National Commission on Higher Education Issues, 67:9
National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future, 85:13
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, 44:33
National Council of Senior Citizens, 33:9
National Council on the Arts, 31:13
National Council on Science and Technology Education, 66:81
National Education Association, 1:17, 1:26, 2:4, 2:6, 2:7, 2:10, 2:14, 4:1, 6:14, 7:6, 8:4, 9:14, 36:30, 37:2, 37:11, 38:13; AFL-CIO Relationship, 55:40; anti-AFL-CIO, 7:28, 32:3, 34:4, 55:40; AFSCME Coalition, 7:1, 33:9, 35:1, 35:5; Affirmative Action, 55:41; Democratic Platform Testimony, 55:28; Higher Education, 3:12, 9:13, 55:41; Membership 1982, 55:39; Merger, 5:14, 8:25, 37:2, 55:16; Organizing Non-Teachers, 55:40, 56:1; Segregated Locals, 55:33; Structure, 55:19; Survey of Republicans on Education Issues, 56:15; Tax Exemption, 3:4, 3:6-3:7, 49:3, 55:28, 55:33, 56:5
National Education Summit 1995, 47:15; Shanker Statement, 86:36
National Endowment for Democracy, 1:13, 32:10, 37:25, 44:35, 52:16; Criticisms, 87:15
Teaching Assistants’ Association resolution, 87:14
National Examinations - SEE Standards
National Federation of Housestaff Organizations, 2:7
National Governors Association, 38:1, 56:7, 66:57, 68:41, 77:26 National Information Infrastructure, 34:10
National Institute of Education, 48:1; Restructure, 48:20, 67:14, 88:5 National Teachers Exam, 4:24, 37:17, 37:20
National Union of Hospital and Health Care Workers Local 1199, 35:48
New Haven, 89:16
New Haven Federation of Teachers, 4:9
New Jersey, 38:1; Certification Plan for Teachers, 43:10, Cooperman, Saul, 78:5 52:29; Higher Education, 78:5
New Jersey State Employees, 2:6, 4:17, 36:30
New Jersey State Federation of Teachers, 36:19
New Standard Project, 2:4
New York Education Reform, 43:45, 89:21
New York Fiscal Crisis 1975, 2:10, 11:34, 33:20
New York State Teachers Association, 34:4
New York State United Teachers, 32:14, 55:25, 55:26
Newark Teachers Union, 3:27, 4:24, 7:1
Nicaragua, 1:12, 2:2, 37:23, 38:6, 38:13, 66:66, 67:17; AFL-CIO Report, 52:16; Sandinista Education, 52:17
NLRB, 32:19, 32:23
North Carolina, 8:16; Education Reform, 89:27
Nuclear Arms, 1:12, 9:29, 32:20, 37:7, 44:22, 44:53, 71:21, 89:32; NEA policy, 55:40, 55:41; SALT Talks, 69:33, 72:4
Nurses, 1:17, 2:6, 2:10, 9:46, 29:40; Training, 36:28
NUT, 9:56, 51:31, 52:29
O’Brien, Ronald, 31.8
O’Neil, Paul, 2:4, 94:12
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 31:16, 32:24-32:25, 36:19
Ohio Education Reform, 89:34
OPEIU, 35:21
Open Shops, 33:14
ORIT, 52:15
Oregon Federation of Teachers, 39:11
Organizing, 2:6, 2:7, 2:11, 37:2; AFT Full Membership Program, 2:7, 2:16; Health Care, 5:13, 31:16; Higher Education, 3:11-3:12, 6:15, 32:22, 43:17, 92:20; Graduate Students, 41:18; Midwest, 2:6, 2:16, 4:1; South, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 2:7, 4:1; Southwest, 1:10: 6:11
Outcomes Based Education, 5:10
Overseas Federation of Teachers, 32:36, 38:6, 47:6, 47:26
Overseas Teacher Association, 49:4
Overseas Teaching, 1:5, 5:21
Palestine Liberation Organization, 36:31, 49:12, 51:40
Panama, 87:6
Panama Canal, 32:26, 36:25, 36:31, 56:30
Paraprofessionals, 4:6, 1:10, 8:3, 9:36, 12:15, 38:22, 75:31; NEA Organizing, 55:40, 56:1
Parent Teachers Association, 38:18
Parent – Teacher Partnerships, 37:3, 78:38, 78:39
Parents Union for Public Schools, 35:16
Parochial Schools, 7:22, 9:12-9:13; Collective Bargaining, 85:20; Exempt From NLRA, 3:20
Part Time Teachers, 8:4; Higher Education Faculty, 7:14, 42:44
Peer Review Program, 38:11, 92:22
Pell Grants, 1:22
Pensions, 1:24, 2:17, 34:2
Pennsylvania Education Association, 56:3
People for the American Way, 37:16
Perlis, Leo, 31:11
PEW Charitable Trust, 41:16
PEW Forum on Education Reform, 90:16
Pharmacists, 1:18, 31:16
Philadelphia Federation of Teachers, 35:16, 36:20
Philippines, 55:2
Physicians, 2:7, 71:15
Plant Closing Law, 2:22
Poland, 1:2, 1:12, 1:13, 2:2, 2:14, 4:23, 7:22, 8:7, 8:16, 9:16, 32:32. 33:14, 37:1, 37:3, 80:9
Political Check-Offs, 1:25
Political Parties in the US, 67:34
Population Growth, 44:11
Portugal, 32:28, 36:23, 89:5; IFFTU Project, 54:15, 54:16
Poverty, 79:32
Prayer In Schools, SEE SCHOOLS
President’s Commission on Strategic Force, 8:5
President’s Education Policy Advisory Committee, 39:3, 44:24, 47:22
Principals, 29:19
Private Schools, 4:18, 7:24, 9:12, 9:14, 11:21, 39:10, 81:24, 90:36; Article with Bella Rosenberg, 80:40; Bob Jones University Tax Exempt, 66:85; Coleman Report, 66:85; NLRB jurisdiction, 88:10
Privatization, 42:31, 42:27, 44:18, 44:19, 74:34, 90:36; Paul Starr, 49:25; Henry Levin, 44:19
Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization, 9:16, 34:5, 47:26
Professional Employees, 4:1, 31:16
Professional Practice Schools Project, 2:12
Professionalism, 6:14, 33:2, 33:28, 35:7, 37:15, 37:18, 37:20, 43:25, 74:29, 92:21
Property Tax, 7:4, 33:25, 35:50, 39:3, 91:1
Puerto Rico, 52:9
Public Broadcasting, 31:6, 31:15, 34:63, 35:51, 36:29, 91:6
Public Education, 2:14, 7:22, 7:31, 12:17, 35:27, 39:10, 78:37; Coalitions, 8:25, 37:1; NAACP Report, 82:14; Privately Run, 74:34, 74:38; Structure, 43:33; Run Like a Business, 43:48
Public Employee Federation, 2:22, 3:4, 9:4, 10:18, 29:37, 35:51, 36:24, 39:2 Public Employee Unions, 39:9, 67:40, 70:3, 88:13; Connection to Professional Associations, 44:42
Public Employees, 1:25, 5:21 33:27, 39:10, 53:21, 66:77, 71:7, 86:11; Asian Region, 53:21; Fair Labor Standards Act Changes, 39:10, 39:11; Florida, 29:37; Indiana, 29:38; NLRA, 3:7; Montana, 29:38; New York, 89:24; North Carolina, 34:46; North Dakota, 8:16; Strikes, 35:21
Quotas, SEE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
Radio Deregulation, 31:20
Radosh, Ron, 92:20
Rainbow Coalition, 4:15
Rauth, Marilyn, 66:82, 73:38
Ravitch, Diane, 2:14, 5:22, 43:22, 43:23, 44:30, 81:3; NAEP Response, 81:27; Teaching Democracy, 69:22
Reagan, President Ronald, 1:23, 1:26, 4:24, 34:8, 37:8, 75:3; at AFT Convention, 43:34, 50:3; Budget, 1:23, 1:24, 47:13, 49:13; Education, 4:23, 43:18, 49:13; Immigration, 33:1; Labor, 80:9; Military, 31:18; Seton Hall Education Speech, 50:3
Reich, Robert NEA Report, 56:7
Reigh, Judge Robert, 11:23
Republican Party, 1:25, 3:13
Retirement, 32:34, 67:19; Mandatory, 43:25
Restructuring, 4:9, 37:22, 41:23, 44:11, 67:43, 68:23, 71:15, 71:29, 72:20, 78:39, 79:7, 81:15, 81:19, 87:20, 88:20, 90:7, 95:31; Center on Organization and Restructuring of Schools Report, 44:49; Cincinnati, 70:26; Germany Holweide School, 52:35; Maine, 73:29; Technology, 67:32, 71:24; Professional Practice Schools, 75:33
Right To Work, 3:20, 33:10, 33:12, 33:13, 33:27, 56:34
Riles, Wilson, 10:18
Riordan, Mary Ellen, 2:14, 33:26
Rochester Teachers Association, 39:5, 56:5
Romania, 4:20
Rural Schools, 71:8
Russia SEE Soviet Union
Rustin, Bayard, 10:11, 10:25; Seniority Rights, 92:24; Trip to Lebanon, 93:16
Ryor, John, 32:3
Sakharov, Andrei, 34:16, 37:20
Saturn Automobile, 72:25
Saturn Schools, 38:1, 38:23, 73:23, 73:33
Save Our Security Education Fund, 5:3
Schlesigner, Arthur, Jr, 2:14
School Boards, 1:5, 71:30
School Budgets, 1:19, 3:27, 7:4, 8:12, 44:14, 48:18, 66:35
School Bus Safety, 9:36, 12:15, 93:37
School Related Personnel; SEE Paraprofessionals
School Violence, 5:9, 5:22, 43:12, 68:30, 71:20, 86:35, 88:28, 92:30, 93:38; Canada, 51:40; England, 52:30
Schools, 38:1, 42:31, 42:30; Health Issues, 82:11, 86:3; High School, 42:30, 70:1, 79:17; Middle, 11:13; Open, 7:4; Parent Involvement, 88:17; Religion, 3:1, 4:3, 37:12, 38:2, 38:4, 38:22, 66:62, 82:3; School Year and Hours, 3:25, 86:33;
SCOPE, 29:37
Segregation, 3:4, 3:20, 4:15
SEIU, 2:6, 5:17
Selden, David, 7:1-7:4, 7:6, 55:26
Seniority, 2:2, 68:39
Sex Education, 90:31
Sexual Harassment, 5:2, 5:18, 49:1; Soviet Union, 8:4
Shanker, Albert, 56:5; Affiliation List, 93:28; American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 44:42; Harvard course, 42:25; Interview for Book Where He Stands, 41:7; Survey On National Education Reform, 44:42; Survey on 1977 National Issues, 91:3; Visit to Warsaw, 53:2
Shanker v. Condell, 2:22
Shared Decision Making, 35:23, 38:22, 39:1, 73:23
Sheff vs, O’Neill, 2:19
Shell Boycott, 51:20
Silber, John, 42:18
Simon, Senator Paul, 37:11
Sizer, Theodore, 38:6, 38:17, 44:23, 89:4
Smith, Marshall, 37:2
Sobol, Thomas, 74:1; Report, 81:3
Social Democrats, USA, 44:46, 79:23, 80:9
Social Security, 1:23, 1:25, 2:17, 33:27, 33:28
Socialists International, 93:16, 93:17
Solidarnosc, SEE Poland
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 80:18, 93:21
South Africa, 1:8, 1:12, 2:3, 2:14, 4:23, 9:27, 30:25, 32:27, 32:29, 32:34, 34:66, 37:12, 37:24; University of the North Action, 51:20; Rights of Teacher Union, 51:20
South America, 9:51, 30:26, 30:30
South Bend Federation of Teachers, 4:20
South Carolina Education System, 78:35
South Pointe Elementary School, 41:9
Southern Illinois University, 6:15, 6:20
Soviet Union, 1:13, 2:20, 6:23, 7:22, 9:14, 32:26, 32:28, 32:29, 33:9, 37:2, 44:2, 49:37, 67:17, 68:15, 69:33, 70:35, 71:21, 93:5, 93:6, 94:22; Coal Miners Strike, 53:8; Education, 70:30, 78:43; Fainberg Family, 53:7; Teachers Union, 55:37
Spain, 32:28, 89:5
Special Education, 5:10, 37:24, 47:13; International, 12:32; SEE ALSO Handicap
Specter, Senator Arlen Endorsement, 49:36
Staff Nurse Council of Milwaukee, 36:24
Standards, 1:15, 2:4, 5:17, 6:3, 8:15,11:23, 37:18, 38:4, 38:22, 39:2, 41:2, 66:54, 66:57, 69:20, 72:27, 75:18, 75:32, 76:3, 86:4; AFT Policy, 42:47, 90:23; AFT States Report, 93:30 Competency Testing, 86:1, 88:8; English, 42:22; Goals 2000, 47:30; History, 9:17, 38:13, 69:20, 78:19, 82:5, 96:22; NEA, 55:28, 55:37, 56:3; National Standards, 1:21, 42:26, 49:31, 50:8, 81:26, 86:17, 86:28; New Standards Project, 44:20; South Carolina, 66:77
State Economic Recruitment Plans, 72:25
State Employees, 3:13, 56:56; AFT Organizing, 56:53
State University of New York, 3:11, 7:13
Stevens, John, Dismissal, 39:11
Stoller, Nathan, 38:1
Strikes, 2:10, 3:7, 4:1, 4:6, 4:23, 55:25, 94:6; AFT Picket Line Policy, 7:18; South San Francisco Picket Line, 95:26
Student Labor Institutes, 92:23
Student Loans, 3:11, 32:2, 80:23; Defaults, 41:2
Student Performance, 41:15, 66:54, 71:24, 91:5; Incentives, 72:33, 90:37
Student Testing, 1:5, 2:1, 4:17- 4:18, 9:12, 9:13, 39:2, 39:4, 41:15, 41:19, 41:23, 42:26, 75:15, 75:18, 75:19, 81:24, 86:1, 93:30; Competitiveness Policy Council Subcommittee, 50:12; National Standard, 86:28, 89:16; Pre-High School, 71:13; SATs, 75:16, 92:36, 94:12
Student Tracking, 38:18, 39:10, 42:46, 67:44, 75:19, 91:5, 94:19
Students, 68:2, 90:8, 91:4; SEE ALSO Disadvantaged Students
Sugarman, Jule, 33:9
Sweatshops, 36:8
Sweeney, John, 3:4
Taiwan Teachers’ Organizations, 7:11
Teacher Centers, 2:1, 2:2, 4:21, 12:47, 36:22, 37:3, 66:82, 78:32; Federal, 47:13, 47:16, 49:41, 93:42; Research On, 43:38
Teacher Certification, 3:26, 37:18, 37:21, 73:24; New Jersey, 89:17; Pay for Performance, 9:25
Teacher Corps, 43:22, 86:25, 89:4, 95:5, 95:40
Teacher Education, 2:12, 3:26, 4:23, 37:25, 38:4, 38:13, 38:22, 39:3, 66:82, 82:12, 85:38, 88:7, Comments on Griffin book, 42:1; Comments on National Commission on Education in Teacher Education, 86:1; Comments On Stroller Book, 93:3; Holmes Group, 42:46, 78:20; NEA, 55:37, 55:39, 85:38; Studies, 41:2, 41:14, 41:15, 41:36, 86:4; University of Houston, 90:20
Teacher Evaluation, 41:15
Teacher Involvement, 2:5, 78:26, 96:18
Teacher Recruitment, 1:15, 2:3, 38:13, 67:7, 68:20, 68:43, 82:6; Minorities, 87:20, 90:5 Teacher Salaries, 1:19, 3:14, 4:17, 6:3, 31:23, 36:25, 71:26, 72:14, 72:19, 76:8, 80:8; Canada, 51:42; England, 52:30; Oakland, 56:40; Research 41:28, 72:17, 72:18
Teacher Shortage, 1:19, 41:49, 46:27, 49:1, 82:5, 89:4; Math and Science, 89:2 Teacher Testing, SEE Standards
Teacher Training, 1:5, 2:12, 3:26, 41:16, 41:21, 41:50; English Reform, 52:26;
Technology, 49:39
Teacher Transfer, 1:19
Teacher Union Exchange, 1:12
Teacher Unions, 41:10, 41:19, 92:21, 93:15; International, 55:9; Reform Network, 41:25, 76:5, 90:17
Teachers, 68:43, 80:18, 80:38, 80:39, 81:27, 82:9, 90:2, 96:15, 96:17; Accountability, 37:25, 69:15, 73:9, 75:15; Career Ladders, 44:30; Duties, 29:19; Leadership, 2:12, 12:8, 37:25, 78:35, 96:18; Quality of Work Life Model, 96:15; Re-testing, 75:20; Student Threats to, 93:38
Teaching, 44:40, 69:14, 78:26, 78:31, 81:14, 82:18, 86:5
Teamsters, 6:15, 29:40, 38:8, 55:14
Technology, 1:5, 1:15, 2:15, 3:16, 4:3, 4:16, 4:18, 5:8, 9:25, 31:19, 31:20, 50:4, 68:1, 68:36, 72:34, 72:35, 72:36, 75:21, 78:41, 93:17, 94:4, 94:5; Affects on Culture, 43:31; Information Infrastructure, 72:36, 73:1, 73:2, 74:32; International Views, 52:27, 72:32, 78:43; Tennessee Plan, 94:10
Telecommunications, 33:28, 35:16, 67:36, 74:36
Television in Classroom, 5:28, 42:1, 68:37, 94:2, 96:3
Tennessee, 2:7, 3:26, 37:11; Education Reform, 56:39, 66:74, 80:24
Tenure, 1:8, 2:10, 3:12, 9:18, 66:54, 80:8; Colorado Bill, 77:22; Higher Education, 5:4, 37:11, 68:1
Test Scores, 2:10, 73:19, 75:16, 94:11, 94:12; Black Students, 75:20, 89:11
Texas Association of College Teachers, 3:11, 7:12
Texas Federation of Teachers, 4:14, 4:23, 9:7
Textbooks, 37:20, 41:4, 41:14, 90:12, 94:15, 64:16; Alabama, 94:16; History, 38:13; Notes from Shanker’s Harvard course, 42:32
Thailand, 37:15, 52:32
Timerman, Jacobo, 36:26
Title I, 36:24, 48:1; Pennsylvania, 78:7
Toby, Jackson, 43:12
Tornillo, Pat, 38:18, 55:37
Trilateral Commission, 37:16
Truancy, 66:61
Tuition Tax Credits, 2:14, 4:18, 5:22, 7:22, 7:31, 9:16, 32:1, 33:11, 36:19, 36:31, 37:6, 37:13, 41:17; 68:4
Tuition, 2:4
Turkey, 37:20; Teacher Unionism, 52:36, 53:20
U.S. Army Recruitment, 68:17
U.S. Economy, 72:13, 72:33, 90:26, 94:21, 95:11
U.S. Foreign Policy, 49:43, 72:5; Investment, 68:40
U.S. Trade Policy, 33:11, 48:31, 68:40, 78:1
UAW, 2:8, 7:1, 7:31, 9:15, 32:21, 47:8, 66:86, 96:13; Right To Work Case, 92:35 Ullman, Liv 10:20,10:21
Union Inter-Universitaire, 38:2
Union Members, AFT, 13:6; Attitudes Towards Elections, 32:19; In Prison, 67:30; Political Attitudes, 12:9, 32:34, 33:18; Religion, 36:13; Retirees, 88:4
Unions, 44:51, 66:60, 68:40; Educational Opportunity Programs, 43:12; Future of, 41:28; Multinational Companies, 68:40; Pensions, 67:19
United Federation of Teachers, 9:29, 31:16, 32:32, 38:6; Civil Rights, 38:11; Personal History from Member, 41:21
United Mine Workers of America, 2:8
United Professors of California, 32:22, 36:22
United Teachers Los Angeles, 9:12, 56:15, 56:23, 82:14
United Teachers of Dade, 3:20
United Transportation Union, 32:35
United Way, 35:2; I AM Boycott, 95:21
University Professionals of Illinois, 37:16
Urban District Leadership Consortium, 5:8
Urban Employment, 88:12
Urban Finance, 4:18, 7:7, 8:7, 39:10, 77:24, 89:10
Urban Schools, 4:17, 7:7, 9:12, 38:12, 38:21, 47:15, 48:18, 68:39, 72:31, 78:34, 89:10, 96:17
Utah Federation of Teachers, 2:7
Vietnam, 9:25, 32:26
Virginia Education Reform, 95:31
Vocational Education, 9:45, 42:21, 71:24, 75:30, 79:15, 81:9, 91:5; England, 52:26
Vouchers, 1:7, 3:7, 3:28, 4:3, 7:22, 8:4, 37:18, 37:21, 38:4, 42:30, 48:3, 50:8, 55:33, 90:36, 90:37; California, 41:24, 42:27, 68:28; Levin Paper, 95:39; Minnesota, 79:20; TEACH Bill, 47:14; Pennsylvania, 56:15
Voting, 32:34, 33:1, 69:25; Youth, 77:6. 77:7, 95:33
Walesa, Lech, 39:3
Washington D.C., 1:8, 4:4, 47:1
Wattenberg, Ruth, 78:19
Welfare, 4:17, 86:12; Reform, 49:11, 80:1, 89:18, 95:44
Were We Stand, 2:5, 3:26, 3:28, 4:23, 4:24; Book Draft, 77:28
West Germany, 1:12
West Virginia, 66:55; Shanker Speech, 96:2
Western Europe, 67:34, 89:5, 94:21
White, Mark, 10:32
Whittle Communications, 39:3, 96:7; Vote by AFT to be on Advisory Board, 96:3
Whittle, Chris, 38:19
Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania Public Education System, 66:72
Wilmington 10, 48:31, 78:6
Wine, 3:7
Wisconsin, 36:26; Merit School Plan, 80:36
Women, 9:45, 31:13; In Agriculture, 46:5; In Education, 74:43, 92:25; In Science, 78:37; Pay Equity, 7:4, 8:4, 86:7; Soviet, 53:7; Work, 2:14, 31:16, 31:21, 31:23, 32:24;
Work at Home, 49:1
Worker Training, 46:21, 81:21; Education, 88:14, 90:1; SEE ALSO Employment
Worker-Management Relations Commission, 2:19, 4:12, 46:14; SEE ALSO Committee for Economic Development
Workers Education Local 189, 9:19, 31:9
World Bank, 53:31, 68:12
Writing, 33:10
Wurf, Jerry, 35:1, 35:2; On Inflation, 51:3
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, 3:2, 3:3, 73:32
Xerox, 38:11
Yale School of Organization and Management, 41:32
Yeshiva Decision, 3:11, 7:18, 31:19, 36:28, 37:25, 42:21, 43:30, 43:46, 43:47; Florida Memorial College, 92:23
Young Social Democrats, 93:16
Youth Employment, 1:23, 2:1, 5:22, 12:45, 12:46, 36:20, 42:19, 51:13, 67:24, 70:30, 79:15, 88:4, 96:27;
William T. Grant Foundation, 81:1
Zionism, 95:6

Processing History

The American Federation of Teachers (AFT): Office of the President Records was processed opened for research in January 1991. Since the collection contained materials from four different presidents of the AFT and two different departments, the collection was determined to be useless to researchers. Also due to the importance of Albert Shanker as a leader to the AFT; a guide to his presidency was needed. In 1998 the collection was taken apart to create the AFT Office of the President Records (1960-1974), and the Human Rights/Community Services Department Records.

From 1997 through 2004, over 300 linear feet of materials were sent to the Reuther Library from the AFT headquarters pertaining to the tenure of Albert Shanker as president. By merging what was from the AFT Office of the President Records and the other shipments over time, the AFT President's Office: Albert Shanker was opened January 2005. The collection was processed by Daniel Golodner.

Finding Aid & Administrative Information

Title: Guide to the AFT President's Office: Albert Shanker Records
Status: Completed
Author: Processed by Daniel Golodner.
Date: 2005-01
Description rules: Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description: English
Script of description: Latin
Language of description note: English

Repository Details

Part of the Walter P. Reuther Library Repository

https://reuther.wayne.edu

Contact:
5401 Cass Avenue
Detroit MI 48202 USA

ArchivesSpace@Wayne

AFT President's Office: Albert Shanker Records

Scope and Content

Dates

Language of Materials

Access

Use

History

Extent

Additional Description

Abstract

Arrangement

Acquisition

Related Materials

Transfers

Indexes for the AFT President's Office: Albert Shanker Collection

Processing History

Finding Aid & Administrative Information

Repository Details

Repository Details

Collection organization